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Blunting Effect Boring Carving Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Distribution Overview Drying Defects Ease of Drying Environmental Profile Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Schedules Light-Induced Color Change Luster Mortising Moulding Movement in Service Nailing Natural Durability Numerical Data Odor Painting Planing Polishing Product Sources References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Routing & Recessing Sanding Sapwood Color Scientific Name Screwing Staining Strength Properties Synonyms Texture Trade Name Tree Identification Tree Size Turning Varnishing Veneering Qualities		Scientific Name Clarisia racemosa Trade Name Oiticica amarela Family Name Moraceae Synonyms Soaresia nitida, Clarisia nitida Common Names Ache, Aji, Amanllo, Arbol del pan, Arracacho, Bainha, Bainha de espada, Cajiman, Capinuri, Carac, Caraco, Catruz, Chichillica, Cuaruiba, D'espada, Diconroque, Dinde, Guariuba, Guariuba amarela, Huariuba, Imauba, Janita, Killo-muena, Machunaste, Mascajo, Mashonaste, Mata palo, Matapalo, Maxunasti, Mora, Moral, Moral bobo, Moral comido de mono, Moralbabo, Murere, Murure, Oiti, Oiti amarelo, Oitica amarilla, Oiticia da mata, Oiticica, Oiticica amarela, Oity, Oticica, Pellejo de indio, Piamich, Pituca, Pituca capinuri, Quariuba, Quebracho, Sota, Tatajuba amarela, Tulpay, Turupay, Vacati, Vitaca, Yasmich, Zota Regions of Distribution Central America, Latin America Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Columbia, Ecuador, Mexico, Panama, Peru, Venezuela Common Uses Beams, Bent Parts, Boat building (general), Boat building, Boat building: framing, Bridge construction, Building construction, Building materials, Cabin construction, Cabinetmaking, Canoes, Chairs, Chests, Concealed parts (Furniture), Concrete formwork, Construction, Core Stock, Decks, Decorative plywood, Decorative veneer, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Domestic flooring, Dowell pins, Dowells, Drawer sides, Excelsior, Exterior trim & siding, Exterior uses, Factory construction, Figured veneer, Fine furniture, Floor lamps, Flooring, Form work, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture, General carpentry, Heavy construction, Joinery, Light construction, Paneling , Paneling, Parquet flooring, Plywood, Shipbuilding, Stairworks, Structural work, Tool handles, Vehicle parts, Veneer, Veneer: decorative, Wainscotting Environmental Profile Status unknown in many of its growth areas Data source is World Conservation Monitoring Center Status unknown due to lack of information within its range in Panama, Mexico, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru and Vene Distribution Overview Widely distributed in Brazil and extends into northeastern Peru, the Serrania de San Lucas region of Colombia, and the Venezuelan Guianas; grows scattered or in small clumps. Generally throughout tropical South America. Heartwood Color Brown Pink Red Yellow to golden-yellow to orange Pale brown Dark brown Reddish brown Red Darkens upon exposure Brown Sapwood Color White Pink White to yellow Well defined Greenish-white Grain Figure Other (figure) Straight Interlocked Even Distinct (figure) Roey (figure) Stripe (figure) Other figure Straight Interlocked Striped figure Roey figure Pearly figure Moderately to severely interlocked Generally straight, but not always Distinct figure Texture Fine Coarse Medium Medium to coarse Medium Luster High Lustrous Pronounced Natural Durability Perishable Durable Moderately durable Resistant to termites Non-resistant to termites Moderately durable Non durable Very durable Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera) Durable Susceptible to marine borer attack Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Resistant to attack from termites (Isoptera) Resistant to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Pinworms (ambrosia beetles) are commonly present Perishable Heartwood is resistant to termite and dry wood insect attack Odor Seasoned wood has no odor or taste Light-Induced Color Change Darker Kiln Schedules Drying (speed) is fast Dry at a slow speed Dry at a moderate speed Drying Defects Checking Case Hardening Distortion Slight twist/warp Slight surface checking Checking could be fairly serious in quarter-sawn stock. Ease of Drying Rapidly Reconditioning Treatement Fairly Easy Easy Moderate/rapid Mild conditions recommended Tree Identification Bole/stem form is not buttressed Bole/stem form is straight Bole/stem form is cylindrical Tree Size Tree height is 30-40 m Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm Product Sources The ITTO reports that timber production from this species is regular. Exportation is low, but should potentially increase in the future. The wood is imported from Brazil into Japan and China. Comments General finishing qualities are rated as good General finishing qualities are rated as poor The timber is similar in properties to the African species, Afrormosia (Pericopsis elata ). Blunting Effect Moderate Blunting effect on machining is fairly severe Boring Fair to good results Fairly easy to very easy Carving Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Cutting Resistance Easy to saw Cutting Resistance with dry wood is easy Surfaces tend to be woolly Easy to saw Cutting Resistance with green wood is variable Gluing Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Easy to glue Glues well Mortising Fairly Easy to Very Easy Very Good to Excellent Results Moulding Very Good to Excellent Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Movement in Service Fair to Good Stability - Medium Movement Medium Fairly stable Nailing Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Easy to nail Difficult to nail Holds nails well Planing Very Good to Excellent Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Easy to plane Good planing properties Difficult to plane Areas of interlocked grain may cause tearing Resistance to Impregnation Resistant sapwood Resistant heartwood Heartwood is resistant Sapwood is permeable Moderately resistant Heartwood is moderately resistant Response to Hand Tools Easy to machine Routing & Recessing Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Sanding Good sanding finish Screwing Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Poor results Difficult to screw Good screwing properties Easy to screw Turning Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Easy to turn Veneering Qualities Suitable for peeling Easy to cut Painting Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Satisfactory results Polishing Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Good results Staining Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Finish is generally satisfactory Varnishing Satisfactory Strength Properties Shrinkage, Radial = very small Shrinkage, Tangential = very small Hardness (side grain) = soft Bending strength (MOR) = medium Bending strength (MOR) = high Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. Bending strength (MOR) = low Shrinkage, Volumetric = very small Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium Max. crushing strength = medium Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. Shrinkage, Volumetric = small Shrinkage, Tangential = small Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = high Shrinkage, Tangential = large Shrinkage, Radial = small Shrinkage, Radial = large Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium Hardness (side grain) = medium Bending strength (MOR) = very high Very heavy Shrinkage, Volumetric = moderate Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low Resists denting and marring Density = very high Compression strength (parallel to grain) = high Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 10571 16320 psi Crushing Strength 976 1282 psi Density 38 lbs/ft3 Hardness 1275 lbs Maximum Crushing Strength 5969 9256 psi Shearing Strength 1785 psi Stiffness 1518 1981 1000 psi Toughness 156 inch-lbs Specific Gravity 0.52 Weight 39 31 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 3 % Tangential Shrinkage 6 % Volumetric Shrinkage 8 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 743 1147 kg/cm2 Crushing Strength 68 90 kg/cm2 Density 608 kg/m3 Hardness 578 kg Maximum Crushing Strength 419 650 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 125 kg/cm2 Stiffness 106 139 1000 kg/cm2 Toughness 179 cm-kg Specific Gravity 0.52 Weight 624 496 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 3 % Tangential Shrinkage 6 % References Acosta-Solis, M.,1960,Maderas Economicas del Ecuador y sus Usos,Editorial Casa de la Culhra Ecuatoriana Quito Almeida, D.G. de, Costa, J.R. da,1956,Madeiras do Brasil. (Timbers of Brazil.,Min. Ag. Servico de Economia Rural, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,pp56 Berni, C.A., Bolza, E., Christensen, F.J.,1979,South American Timbers - The Characteristics, Properties and Uses of 190,Species,C.S.I.R.O Div. Building Research Brazier, J.D.,1975,Properties and uses of Brazilian woods,Journal of the Institute of Wood Science,7(2,pp50-57 Brazil -, I.B.D.F.,1980,Woods from Tucurui - characteristics and application,The Ag. Ministry Brazilian Institute for Forest Development Brazil-Ministerio do Interior,1979,Pesquisas e Informac†ces sobre especies florestais da Amazonia,Dept. de Recuros Naturais Centro de Tecnologia Madeireira Brown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 2 South America,TRADA, Red Booklet Series Chichignoud, M., G. Deon, P. Detienne, B. Parant, and P. Vantomme. 1990. Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America. International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO, Centre Technique Forestier Tropical, Division of CIRAD, 45 bis Avenue de la Belle Gabrielle, Nogent-sur-marne, CEDEX, France. Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison. Erfurth, T., Rusche, H.,1976,The Marketing of Tropical Wood B. Wood Species from S. American Tropical,Moist Forests,F.A.O. Forestry Department Falla Ramirez, A.,1971,Resultados de Estudios Fisico-Mechanicos de Algunas Maderas de la Serrania,de San Lucas. (Some timbers of the San Lucas mountain range.,Plegable Divulgativo, Div. Forestal, Inderena Colombia,pp6 Hoheisel, H., Karstedt, P.,1967,Identification of Ecuadorian Wood Sp. for possibilities of Utilization on,the basis of Technological Results,Institito Forestal Latino-Americana Merida Venezuala Hoheisel, H.,1968,Identification of some Colombian wood Sp. and their possible use on the,basis of physical and mechanical properties,Latin American Forest Research and Training Institute, Merida Venezuala ITTO. New Marketable Species Technical Notes. Prepared by Centre Technique Forestier Tropical (CTFT, Division of CIRAD, 45 bis, Avenue de la Belle Gabrielle, 94736 Nogent-sur-marne Cedex, France Little, E.L.,1948,A Collection of Tree Specimens from Western Ecuador,Caribbean Forester,9(3,pp215-98 Loureiro, A.A., Freitas da Silva, M.,1968,Catalogo das Madeiras da Amazonia (2 vols,Min. do Ultramar Belem Brasil Maeglin, R., C. K. Baah, G. Troemmer, J. D. Danielson, and S. P. Loehnertz. 1989. Pre-project Report: Sawing of Difficult Species. Prepared for International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO) by United States Department of Agriculture (USDA, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin. Mainieri, C., Pereira, J.A.,1965,Madeiras do Brasil,Anuario Brasileiro de Economia Florestal,17(17,PP135-416 Mainieri, C.,1978,Fichas de Caracteristicas das Madeiras Brasileiras,Inst. Pesquisas Technologicas Peru - P.A.D.T.,1981,Descripcion general y anatomica de 105 Maderas del Grupo Andino,Junta del Acuerdo de Cartagena, P.A.D.T. Report, Junac, Lima, Peru. Peru - P.A.D.T.,1981,Tablas de propiedades fisicas y mecariicas de la Madera de 24 especies de,Colombia,Junta del Acuerdo de Cartagena, P.A.D.T. Report, Lima, Peru. Record, S.J., Hess, R.W.,1940,American Woods of the Family Moraceae,Tropical Woods,8(61,pp11-54 Record, S.J., Hess, R.W.,1943,Timbers of the New World,Yale University Press Record, S.J., Mell, C.D.,1924,Timbers of Tropical America,Yale Univ. Press Rizzini, C.T.,1978,Arvores e Madeiras Uteis do Brasil: Manual de Dendrologia Brasileira,Editora Edgard Blucher LTDA Brazil Sao Paulo - Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnologicas,1956,Tabelas de Resultados obtidos para Madeiras Nacionais,Inst. Pesq. Tec. Sao Paulo, Brazil Bol., No.31(2nd Ed.) Scheffer, T.C., Duncan, C.G.,1947,The Decay Resistance of certain Central American and Ecuadorian Woods,Tropical Woods,12(92, PP1-24 Takahashi, A.,1975,Compilation of data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part 2,Central and South America,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No.4 Teixeira, D. E., M. A. E. Santana and M. Rabelo de Souza. 1988. Amazonian Timbers for the International Market. ITTO Technical Series 1. Brazilian Institute for Forestry Development, Brazil. Woods, R.P.,1949,Timbers of South America,TRADA, Red Booklet Series