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Blunting Effect Boring Carving Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Distribution Overview Drying Defects Ease of Drying Environmental Profile Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Drying Rate Kiln Schedules Luster Mortising Moulding Movement in Service Nailing Natural Durability Natural Growth Defects Numerical Data Odor Painting Planing Polishing References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Resistance to Splitting Response to Hand Tools Routing & Recessing Sanding Sapwood Color Scientific Name Screwing Staining Steam Bending Strength Properties Texture Toxicity Trade Name Tree Identification Tree Size Turning Veneering Qualities		Scientific Name Catostemma fragrans Trade Name Baromalli Family Name Bombacaceae Common Names Adarouna, Aganananga, Arenillo, Baramalli, Baraman, Baramanni, Baromalli, Flambeau rouge, Flameau rouge, Gan man naga, Kajoewaballi, Kamatana, Koron paku, Man kobe, Sand baromalli, Simana Regions of Distribution Central America, Latin America Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Guyana Common Uses Agricultural implements, Boxes and crates, Cooperages, Decorative plywood, Furniture, Handles: general, Joinery, Ladders, Light construction, Plywood corestock, Plywood, Pulp/Paper products, Sporting Goods, Tool handles, Turnery Environmental Profile Abundant/Secure The environmental status of this species within its geographical boundaries has not been officially determined. Distribution Overview The species occurs in Carare-Opon and Serrania de San Lucas regions of Colombia, as well as in the Guianas, and in the low inundated forests near Manaus and northward into Brazil. Heartwood Color Red Brown Purple Pink Yellow to golden-yellow to orange Pale brown Brown Pale red to pink Yellowish brown White to cream Pinkish brown Greenish to greyish Dark brown Dark brown Sapwood Color White Yellow Brown Paler than heartwood White to yellow Well defined Same as heartwood Different than heartwood The sapwood is yellowish-brown, distinct yet not sharply demarcated from the heartwood Grain Straight Figure Even Interlocked Other (figure) Rays (figure) Stripe (figure) Straight Striped figure Rays figure Other figure Occasionally interlocked, but not always Generally straight, but not always Texture Coarse Medium Coarse Medium to coarse Luster Medium High Dull Natural Growth Defects Gum/resin streaks Natural Durability Durable Susceptible to insect attack Moderately durable Non-resistant to powder post beetles Non-resistant to termites Resistant to termites Perishable Non-durable Non durable Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera) The sapwood is susceptible to wood staining fungal attack The wood has very little or no resistance to attack by decay fungi and other wood destroying organisms Odor Has an odor No specific smell or taste Toxicity Some toxic effects Kiln Schedules Dry at a slow speed Drying Defects Distortion Collapse Internal Honeycombing Possible Checking Slight surface checking Slight end splitting Ease of Drying Fairly Easy Rapidly Requires special attention Slowly Moderately Difficult to Difficult Easy Difficult Kiln Drying Rate Rapid Naturally dries slowly Naturally dries quickly Drying rate is fairly rapid to fast Tree Identification Bole/stem form is cylindrical Bole/stem form is not buttressed Bole/stem form is straight Tree Size Trunk diameter is 150-200 cm Tree height is 30-40 m Bole length is 20-30 m Tree height is 40-50 m Tree height is 10-20 m Tree height is 20-30 m Bole length is 0-10 m Bole length is 10-20 m Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm Bark width is 10-15 mm Comments General finishing qualities are rated as good General finishing qualities are rated as poor Blunting Effect Moderate Little Blunting effect on machining is moderate Blunting effect on sawing green wood is severe Blunting effect on machining is severe Blunting effect on machining is fairly severe Boring Fairly easy to very easy Carving Fair to Good Results Cutting Resistance Easy to saw The wood has low resistance to sawing. Gluing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Easy to glue Poor gluing properties Moderate gluing properties Mortising Fairly Easy to Very Easy Moulding Fairly Easy to Very Easy Movement in Service Fair to Good Stability - Medium Movement Excellent Stability - Small Movement Large Nailing Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Easy to nail Planing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Planes to a satisfactory finish Planes to a poor finish Difficult to plane Surfaces finished with machine tools are rather dull and fuzzy Resistance to Impregnation Resistant heartwood Permeable sapwood Resistant sapwood Permeable heartwood Heartwood is permeable Both heartwood and sapwood can be impregnated with ease through pressure or open-tank processes Resistance to Splitting Satisfactory Response to Hand Tools Easy to Work Responds Readily Difficult to machine Easy to machine Good response Routing & Recessing Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Sanding Fair to Good Results Screwing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Turning Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Veneering Qualities Suitable for slicing Steam Bending Poor to Very Poor Results Painting Fair to Good Results Satisfactory results Good results Polishing Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Satisfactory results Poor results Staining Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Finish is generally satisfactory Strength Properties Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. Max. crushing strength = medium Density (dry weight) = 23-30 lbs/cu. ft. Shrinkage, Tangential = large Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large Bending strength (MOR) = medium Bending strength (MOR) = low Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = mediun Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Shrinkage, Radial = large Max. crushing strength = high Hardness = medium Hardness (side grain) = very soft Hardness (side grain) = soft Compression strength (parallel to grain) = high Bending strength (MOR) = high It resists denting and marring about as well as white oak or birch. Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 9269 13887 psi Crushing Strength 353 500 psi Density 33 lbs/ft3 Hardness 750 lbs Maximum Crushing Strength 4138 7434 psi Shearing Strength 1073 psi Static Bending 6723 10535 psi Stiffness 1921 2330 1000 psi Toughness 163 inch-lbs Work to Maximum Load 7 inch-lbs/in3 Specific Gravity 0.56 0.66 Weight 32 25 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 5 % Tangential Shrinkage 10 % Volumetric Shrinkage 17 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 651 976 kg/cm2 Crushing Strength 24 35 kg/cm2 Density 528 kg/m3 Hardness 340 kg Maximum Crushing Strength 290 522 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 75 kg/cm2 Static Bending 472 740 kg/cm2 Stiffness 135 163 1000 kg/cm2 Toughness 187 cm-kg Work to Maximum Load 0.49 cm-kg/cm3 Specific Gravity 0.56 0.66 Weight 512 400 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 5 % Tangential Shrinkage 10 % References Bena, P.,1960,Essences Forestieres de Guyane,Bureau Agricole et Forestier Guyanais Guyana Berni, C.A., Bolza, E., Christensen, F.J.,1979,South American Timbers - The Characteristics, Properties and Uses of 190,Species,C.S.I.R.O Div. Building Research Boone, R.S., C.J. Kozlik, P.J. Bois, E.M. Wengert. 1988. Dry Kiln Schedules for Commercial Hardwoods - Temperate and Tropical. USDA, Forest Service, General Technical Report FPL-GTR-57, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin. Brown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 2 South America,TRADA, Red Booklet Series Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison. Erfurth, T., Rusche, H.,1976,The Marketing of Tropical Wood B. Wood Species from S. American Tropical,Moist Forests,F.A.O. Forestry Department Fanshawe, D.B.,1954,Forest Products of British Guiana Part 1 Principal Timbers,Forest Department British Guiana Forestry Bulletin (New Series 2nd,Edition,No.1 Kynoch, W., Norton, N.A.,1938,Mechanical Properties of certain tropical woods chiefly from S. America,School of Forestry and Conservation, University of Michigan Bulletin,No.7 Longwood, F.R.,1962,Commercial Timbers of the Caribbean,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook,No.207 Polak, A.M.,1992,Major Timber Trees of Guyana A Field Guide,The Tropenbos Foundation Wageningen, The Netherlands Record, S.J., Hess, R.W.,1943,Timbers of the New World,Yale University Press Takahashi, A.,1975,Compilation of data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part 2,Central and South America,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No.4 Wangaard, F.F., W.L. Stern, and S.L. Goodrich. 1955. Tropical Woods - Properties and Uses of Tropical Woods, Volume V, No. 103. School of Forestry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.