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Blunting Effect Boring Carving Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Drying Defects Ease of Drying Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Drying Rate Kiln Schedules Mortising Moulding Movement in Service Nailing Natural Durability Numerical Data Planing Polishing References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Resistance to Splitting Response to Hand Tools Routing & Recessing Sanding Sapwood Color Scientific Name Screwing Staining Steam Bending Strength Properties Synonyms Texture Toxicity Trade Name Tree Identification Tree Size Turning Veneering Qualities		Scientific Name Cassipourea malosana Trade Name Abang Family Name Rhizophoraceae Synonyms Weiheia elliottii, Cassipourea congoensis, Cassipourea elliottii, Cassipourea gerrardii Common Names Abang, Aetiuget, Aganiya, Andewa, Bangui, Bastard onion wood, Basteruiehout, Chizanzasi, Engai saleki, Funzare, Funzari, Intule, Iroko, Kamba, Kambala, Kangamtibi, Ketiuget, Komoluet, Kusiu, Lesser onion wood, Lomolvet, Lusanga, Maiti, Mandji, Mangweta, Mapakajen, Martit, Mberemembe, Megunda, Mereira, Meyart, Mgiwi, Mpalala, Msadora, Msadoro, Msengera, Muangaita, Muchanja, Mulundu, Musaisi, Muzaisi, Mvula, Ndindi, Ndiri, Ndrie, Nekazito, Nkazito, Odoum, Ol-lorget, Pillarwood, Tendewa, Tule Regions of Distribution Africa Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda Common Uses Agricultural implements, Brush backs & handles, Cabinetmaking, Flooring, Flooring: commercial heavy traffic, Flooring: industrial heavy traffic, Furniture, Handles: general, Heavy construction, Joinery, Ladders, Light construction, Piling, Plywood, Poles, Posts, Railroad ties, Sporting Goods, Tool handles, Toys, Turnery, Vehicle parts Heartwood Color Brown Black White to cream Pale brown Yellow to golden-yellow to orange Purple Greenish to greyish Dark brown Brown Sapwood Color Yellow White Same as heartwood Grain Straight Spiral Crossed Even Figure Stripe (figure) Weak (figure) Straight Spiral Weak figure Striped figure Texture Coarse Medium Resinous and oily Fine Natural Durability Durable Susceptible to insect attack Non-resistant to powder post beetles Resistant to termites Very durable Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera) Non durable Perishable Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Moderately durable The sapwood is susceptible to wood staining fungal attack Moderately resistant to termite (Isoptera) attack Durable Toxicity Some toxic effects Kiln Schedules Dry at a slow speed Kiln Drying Rate (in days) is fairly rapid Drying (speed) is fast Drying Defects Collapse Internal Honeycombing Possible Checking Distortion Splitting Severe twisting/warping Slight surface checking Slight end splitting Moderate twist/warp Moderate end spitting Severe cupping Moderate spring/bow Ease of Drying Moderately Difficult to Difficult Thick Stock Requires Care Requires special attention Slowly Kiln Drying Rate Naturally dries slowly Drying rate is fairly rapid to fast Rapid Fairly rapid (11-17 days for boards under 32 mm, to 31-51 days for boards greater than 63 mm) Tree Identification Bole/stem form is cylindrical Bole/stem form is straight Bole/stem form is not buttressed Tree Size Tree height is 30-40 m Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm Tree height is 20-30 m Tree height is 40-50 m Bole length is 20-30 m Comments General finishing qualities are rated as good Blunting Effect Moderate Blunting effect on machining is moderate Boring Fairly easy to very easy Difficult Carving Fair to Good Results Cutting Resistance Easy to saw Cutting Resistance with green wood is difficult Cutting Resistance with dry wood is easy Cutting resistance with dry wood is variable Cutting Resistance with dry wood is difficult Cutting Resistance with green wood is easy Gluing Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Difficult to glue Moderate gluing properties Mortising Fair to Good Results Easy to mortise Finishes satisfactorily Moulding Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Good finishing results Easy to mould Movement in Service Fair to Good Stability - Medium Movement Medium Large Nailing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Easy to nail Difficult to nail Pre-boring recommended Planing Fair to Good Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Fairly Easy to Very Easy Planes well, to a good finish Easy to plane Planes to a satisfactory finish Resistance to Impregnation Resistant heartwood Resistant sapwood Heartwood is extremely resistant Sapwood is moderately resistant Resistance to Splitting Poor Satisfactory Response to Hand Tools Easy to Work Fairly Difficult to Difficult to Work Responds Readily Easy to machine Moderate working qualities Difficult to machine Routing & Recessing Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Routing is easy Sanding Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Good sanding finish Screwing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Turning Very Good to Excellent Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Fairly Easy to Very Easy Good results Veneering Qualities Veneers moderately easy Difficult to veneer Veneers easily Suitable for peeling No drying degrade. Dries flat without splitting Diifficult to veneer Steam Bending Unsuitable Poor to Very Poor Results Polishing Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Satisfactory results Staining Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Poor results Strength Properties Bending strength (MOR) = medium Max. crushing strength = high Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Max. crushing strength = medium Hardness (side grain) = soft Hardness (side grain) = medium Shrinkage, Tangential = large Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium Bending strength (MOR) = high Shrinkage, Radial = small Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = high Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = medium Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = low Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. Shrinkage, Tangential = small Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Shrinkage, Radial = large Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = high Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 10334 16099 psi Density 46 lbs/ft3 Hardness 1326 lbs Impact Strength 37 inches Maximum Crushing Strength 5752 8580 psi Shearing Strength 2269 psi Stiffness 1460 1686 1000 psi Weight 45 36 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 4 % Tangential Shrinkage 9 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 726 1131 kg/cm2 Density 737 kg/m3 Hardness 601 kg Impact Strength 93 cm Maximum Crushing Strength 404 603 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 159 kg/cm2 Stiffness 102 118 1000 kg/cm2 Weight 721 576 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 4 % References Armstrong, F.H.,1960,The Strength Properties of Timber,Forest Products Research Laboratory, London Bulletin,No.45 Banks, C.H., Schoeman, J.P., Otto, K.P.,1977,The Mechanical Properties of Timbers with particular reference to South,Africa,South African Forestry Research Institute Bulletin,(Ed.,Schoeman, J.P. 1973 & Otto K.P. 1976,No.48 Banks, C.H.,1954,The Mechanical Properties of Timbers with Particular Reference to those,grown in the Union of South Africa,Journal of the South African Forestry Association,No. 24 pp.44-65,[South,African Forestry Journal] Battiscombe, E.,1926,A Descriptive Catalogue of some of the Common Trees and Woody Plants of,Kenya Colony,Crown Agents for the Colonies London Bengough, C.C.,1971,Commercial Timbers of Kenya,Ministry of Natural Resources Forest Department, Kenya Bois, P.J.,1961,An Experiment with Mechanical Restraint in Seasoning,Tanzania Forest Dept. Util. Div. Tech. Note,No.24 Bois, P.J.,1966,The Strength Properties of Tanzania Timbers,Tanzania Forest Div. Util. Sec. Moshi Tech. Note, No.35 Bolza, E., Keating, W.G.,1972,African Timbers - the Properties, Uses and Characteristics of 700 Species,C.S.I.R.O. Div. of Building Research Bryce, J. and Kitambi, G.,1960,The Air-drying Properties of some Tanganyika Timbers Technical Note No 23,Tanganyika Forest Department Utilisation Division Technical Note Bryce, J.M., Norcross, H.,1961,The Resistance of Tanganyika Timbers to Impregnation,Tanzania Forest Dept. Util. Sec .Tech. Note,No.28 Bryce, J.M.,1967,Commercial Timbers of Tanzania,Tanzanian Forestry Division Util. Sec. Moshi Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison. Dale, I.R., Greenway, P.J.,1961,Kenya Trees and Shrubs,Buchanans Kenya Estates Ltd. Nairobi Hatchards London Eggeling, W.J.,1940,Indigenous Trees of Uganda,Govt. Printer Entebbe Uganda Grant, D.K.S.,1934,Some Local Timbers,Tanzania Forest Department I.U.F.R.O.,1973,Veneer Species of the World,Assembled at F.P.L. Madison on behalf of I.U.F.R.O. Working Party on,Slicing and Veneer Cutting Kenya Forest Department,1941,Strengths of Kenya timbers,Kenya Forest Department Bulletin No. 36 Kloot, N.H., Bolza, E.,1961,Properties of Timbers Imported into Australia,C.S.I.R.O. Forest Products Division Technological Paper,No.12 Lavers, G.M.,1983,The Strength Properties of Timber (3rd ed. revised Moore G.L.,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Building Research,Establishment Report (formerly Bulletin No.50) Murira, K.,1984,Natural Durability Tests of Tanzanian Timbers 1955 - 1982,Tanzania Forestry Research Institute, Timber Utilisation Research Centre,,Moshi. Organisation for European Economic Co-operation,1951,African Tropical Timber (Nomenclature, Description,OEEC Palgrave, K.C.,1977,Trees of Southern Africa,Cape Town South Africa Patterson, D.N.,1963,The strength of Kenya timbers, their derivation and application,Kenya Forestry Department Research Bulletin,No.23 Scott, M.H.,1950,Notes on the more Important African Timbers Imported into the Union with,Special Ref. to Port. E.A. Species,Journal of the South African Forestry Association,No.19,pp18-62,[South,African Forestry Journal] Tack, C.H.,1969,Uganda Timbers,Govt. Printer Uganda Takahashi, A.,1978,Compilation of Data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part,III) Africa,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No. 7 Tanzania Forest Department,1958,The Working Properties of Cassipourea elliottii (Pillarwood,Tanzania Forest Dept. Util. Sec. Tech. Note, No.13 Tanzania Forest Department,1960,Cassipourea malosana (Pillarwood,Tanzania Forest Dept. Util. Sec. Moshi - Timbers of Tanganyika Tanzania Forest Department,1960,The Natural Durability of Local Timbers,Tanzanian Forest Dept. Tech. Note,No.14 Tanzania Forest Department,1961,The Movement of Timbers Technical Note No.29,Tanzania Forest Department, Utilisation Division Technical Note Tanzania Forest Department,1966,Flooring Timbers,Tanzania Forest Div. Util. Sec. Moshi - Timbers of Tanganyika Tanzania Forest Division,1966,Kiln Drying Schedules for Tanzania Timbers Technical Note no.38,Tanzania Forest Div. Util. Sec. Moshi Tanzania Forest Division,1967,The Weights and Shrinkage of some Local Timbers,Tanzania Forest Div. Util. Sect. Technical Note,No.25 Timber Information Assoc. Ltd.,1947,Notes on East African Timbers,TRADA, Timber Information, No.28 Uganda Forest Department,1954,The Mechanical Properties of some Ugandan Timbers,Uganda Forest Department Timber Leaflet,No.1 Wimbush, S.H.,1950,Catalogue of Kenya Timbers,Govt. Printer Nairobi Kenya