Clicking any heading in the main data area (at right) will scroll the page back to this top position. Use the following links to jump to the associated section in the main data. Blunting Effect Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Drying Defects Ease of Drying Family Name Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Drying Rate Luster Nailing Natural Durability Numerical Data Planing Plantation species? Polishing References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Sapwood Color Scientific Name Screwing Strength Properties Synonyms Texture Toxicity Trade Name Tree Size		Scientific Name Cassia siamea Trade Name Aramana Family Name Leguminosae Synonyms Senna sumatrana, Cassia florida Common Names Aramana, Beati, Bois perdrix, Bombay blackwood, Bujuk, Casia siamea, Cassia, Cassia siamea, Djohar, Jahar, Kassod, Kilet, Manja konnei, Manja-konna, Manji konne, Melali, Mezali, Muong, Muongten, Pink cassia, Tagayasan, Thagara, Vakai, Wa Plantation species? Yes Regions of Distribution Africa, Latin America, Oceania and S.E. Asia Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Australia, Burma, Chile, Cuba, Fiji [Polynesia], India, Japan, Malaysia, Nigeria, Sri Lanka, Uganda Common Uses Boat building (general), Cabinetmaking, Carvings, Charcoal, Fuelwood, Furniture, Heavy construction, Joinery, Light construction, Musical instruments, Particleboard, Poles, Pulp/Paper products, Sporting Goods, Tool handles, Turnery, Veneer: decorative, Walking sticks Heartwood Color Purple Black Green/grey Red Brown Dark brown Black Reddish brown Sapwood Color White Pink Yellow White to yellow Clearly differentiated from the heartwood Grain Figure Closed Interlocked Other (figure) Growth rings (figure) Distinct (figure) Wavy Rippled (figure) Other figure Interlocked Wavy Rippled figure Distinct figure Clear growth rings (figure) Texture Coarse Coarse Medium to coarse Fine to medium Luster Lustrous Natural Durability Durable Susceptible to insect attack Non-resistant to powder post beetles Non-resistant to termites Durable Very durable Resistant to attack from termites (Isoptera) Non durable Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Perishable Toxicity Unspecified toxicity Dermatitic effects Respiratory effects Drying Defects Splitting Ease of Drying Fairly Easy Slowly Kiln Drying Rate Naturally dries slowly Tree Size Tree height is 30-40 m Trunk diameter is 200-250 cm Blunting Effect High to severe Cutting Resistance Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw Nailing Pre-boring recommended Holds nails well Planing Poor to Very Poor Results Ease of planing is moderate Resistance to Impregnation Resistant heartwood Resistant sapwood Permeable Response to Hand Tools Fairly Difficult to Difficult to Work Easy to machine Moderate working qualities Screwing Screwing yields good results Polishing Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Good results Satisfactory results Strength Properties Bending strength (MOR) = low Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. Bending strength (MOR) = medium Bending strength (MOR) = high Density (dry weight) = 53 - 60 lbs Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 8049 12564 psi Density 49 lbs/ft3 Hardness 1493 lbs Impact Strength 35 inches Maximum Crushing Strength 7040 10148 psi Shearing Strength 1989 psi Stiffness 1299 1505 1000 psi Weight 48 39 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 4 % Tangential Shrinkage 7 % Volumetric Shrinkage 12 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 565 883 kg/cm2 Density 785 kg/m3 Hardness 677 kg Impact Strength 88 cm Maximum Crushing Strength 494 713 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 139 kg/cm2 Stiffness 91 105 1000 kg/cm2 Weight 769 624 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 4 % Tangential Shrinkage 7 % References Bolza, E.,1976,Timber and Health,Div. Building Res. C.S.I.R.O. Australia Bourdillon, T.F.,1908,The Forest Trees of Travancore,Travancore Government Press Burgess, P.F.,1966,Timbers of Sabah,Sabah Forest Record, no.6 Desch, H.E.,1954,Manual of Malayan Timbers (2 vols,Malayan Forest Records,no.15 E.H. Walker,1954,Important Trees of the Ryukyu Islands,United States Civil Administration of the Ryukyu Islands Special Bulletin,No. 3 France - Comite Nacional des Bois Coloniaux,1931,Etude Physique et Mecanique des Bois Coloniaux,Assoc. Colonies-Sciences & Comite National des Bios Coloniaux, Paris,,France Keating, W.G., Bolza, E.,1982,Characteristics properties and uses of timbers. South East Asia, Northern,Australia and the Pacific,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Chemical Technology,Inkata Press,1 McCann, C.,1947,Trees of India: A Popular Handbook,D.B.Taraporevala Sons & Co. Bombay Negi, G.S., Bhatia, D.N.,1958,Physical and Mechanical Properties of Woods tested at F.R.I. Report No.10,Indian Forest Records (N.S.) Timber Mechanics,1(11,pp171-18 Ramesh, Rao K., Purkayastha, S.K.,1972,Indian Woods - Their Identification Properties and Uses,Dehra Dun India,Vol. 3 Sallenave, P.,1955,Proprietes Phyiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux de l'Union Francaise,C.T.F.T Stadelman, R.C.,1966,Forests of South-East Asia,Wimmer Bros., Memphis Tennessee Streets, R.J.,1962,Exotic Forest Trees in the British Commonwealth,Clarendon Press Oxford Swabey, C.,1941,The Principal Timbers of Jamaica,Department of Science and Agriculture Jamaica Bulletin No.29 Wood, B., Calnan, D.,1976,Toxic Woods,British Journal of Dermat 94 Suppl. 13