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Blunting Effect Boring Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Distribution Overview Drying Defects Ease of Drying Environmental Profile Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Drying Rate Kiln Schedules Light-Induced Color Change Luster Movement in Service Nailing Natural Durability Natural Growth Defects Numerical Data Odor Painting Planing Polishing References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Sanding Sapwood Color Scientific Name Screwing Silica Content Strength Properties Texture Toxicity Trade Name Tree Identification Tree Size Turning Varnishing Veneering Qualities		Scientific Name Calophyllum kajewskii Trade Name Calophyllum Family Name Guttiferae Common Names Ba'ula, Buni, Buni buni, Buni soloso, Bush calophyllum, Calophyllum, Damanu, Fteh, Island cedar, Ka thang han, Ka thang lan, Kalofilum, Kioli, Koila, Koilo, Kokilo, Legitu, Pagura bunu, Penaga, Poon, Rakich, Solomon Islands calophyllum, Tamanou, Tang hon, Ureure, Wangu Regions of Distribution Oceania and S.E. Asia Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Australia, Fiji [Polynesia], Fiji, India, Indonesia, New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Solomon Islands, Thailand Common Uses Balusters, Bedroom suites, Blockboard, Boat building (general), Boat building, Boat building: decking, Boxes and crates, Bridge construction, Building construction, Building materials, Cabinetmaking, Canoes, Casks, Chairs, Chests, Coffins, Concealed parts (Furniture), Construction, Cutting surfaces, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Domestic flooring, Dowell pins, Dowells, Drawer sides, Drum sticks, Excelsior, Factory flooring, Fine furniture, Floor lamps, Flooring, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture, Hardboards, Interior trim, Joinery, Light construction, Matches, Moldings, Musical instruments , Musical instruments, Musical instruments: piano, Novelties, Paneling, Particleboard, Piling, Plywood, Poles, Pulp/Paper products, Pulpwood, Shipbuilding, Tables, Toys, Turnery, Vehicle parts, Veneer, Veneer: decorative Environmental Profile Abundant/Secure Status unknown due to inadequate information Status has not been officially assessed Distribution Overview Throughout Southeast Asia, on different growing sites, from coastal and swamp to mountain forests Heartwood Color Pink Green/grey Red Brown Reddish brown Pale red to pink Pale brown Sapwood Color Brown Different than heartwood Clearly differentiated from the heartwood Pale brown Orangish Grain Figure Interlocked Even Straight Stripe (figure) Rippled (figure) Zig Zag Interlocked Striped figure Straight Rippled figure Figure is sometimes in a zig zag pattern Quartersawn stock has a ribbon figure and flatsawn stock sometimes has a zig zag pattern. Texture Fine Very fine Even or uniform Uniform Medium coarse to coarse Uneven textured Medium Coarse Luster Low Medium Lustrous Natural Growth Defects Mostly knot free Trees that are overmature may have white pocket rot Natural Durability Non-durable Perishable Susceptible to insect attack Non-resistant to marine borers Non-resistant to termites Resistant to powder post beetles Non-resistant to termites Moderately durable Resistant to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera) Resistant to wood staining fungal attack Susceptible to pin-hole borer, termite and marine borer attack Susceptible to marine borer attack Resistant to attack from pinworms (ambrosia beetles) Pinworms (ambrosia beetles) are commonly present May stain under damp conditions Durable above ground Odor No specific smell or taste Silica Content Siliceous Light-Induced Color Change Darker Toxicity Some toxic effects Kiln Schedules Kiln Drying Rate (in days) is rapid T2 - D4 (4/4); T2 - D3 (8/4) US Schedule A (4/4) United Kingdom Drying Defects Distortion Discoloration Splitting Moderate twist/warp Moderate surface checking Ease of Drying Fairly Easy Rapidly Thick Stock Requires Care Reconditioning Treatement Little degrade Requires special attention Thinner boards (<1") dry easily Special attention required Easy Properly stack material. A 4 to 5 hour steaming treatment with stack weighted down can reduce twist and stresses Kiln Drying Rate Naturally dries quickly Rapid (<10 days for boards < 32 mm, to <30 days for boards >= 63 mm) Tree Identification Bole/stem form is straight Bole/stem form is not buttressed Tree Size Tree height is 30-40 m Tree height is 20-30 m Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm Stems are straight and cylindrical, and are usually clear of branches to 40 to 60 feet (12 to 18 m). Often described as fast-growing. Blunting Effect Little Medium effect Interlocked grain causes a medium blunting effect on cutting tools Boring Fairly easy to very easy Easy Cutting Resistance Easy to saw Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw Cutting Resistance with green wood is easy Cutting Resistance with dry wood is easy Material with interlocked grain can be difficult. Gluing Easy to glue Very good properties Movement in Service Stable Small Medium High Nailing Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Easy to nail Holds nails well Planing Poor to Very Poor Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Moderately easy to plane Good planing properties Difficult to plane Grain may tear if interlocked. Recommended that a reduced cutting edge is used Resistance to Impregnation Permeable heartwood Permeable sapwood Resistant heartwood Resistant sapwood Heartwood is resistant Heartwood is extremely resistant Heartwood extremely resistant to pressure treatment Response to Hand Tools Easy to machine Good response Sanding Poor sanding qualities Moderate sanding qualities Cross-Grain can make sanding qualities poor Screwing Screwing yields good results Good screw holding properties Easy to screw Turning Poor to Very Poor Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Satisfactory turning properties Good results Turned surfaces tend to be woolly Veneering Qualities Veneers easily Veneers moderately easy Suitable for peeling Good gluing qualities Easy to cut Drying degrade is often moderate to severe, with collapse, buckles, and splilts Painting Satisfactory results Polishing Good results Smooth polished surface Requires a filler Varnishing Satisfactory Good results Strength Properties Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low Max. crushing strength = medium Bending strength (MOR) = medium Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. Hardness (side grain) = soft Shrinkage, Radial = small Shrinkage, Tangential = small Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Bending strength (MOR) = low Shrinkage, Tangential = very small Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Shrinkage, Radial = very small Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Density (dry weight) = 23-30 lbs/cu. ft. Compression strength (parallel to grain) = high The bending strength of air-dried wood of the species is similar to that of Teak, which is considered to be strong. Strength in compression parallel to grain is in the high range. Other species in this range include Teak, White oak, and Hard maple. The weight is high. The density is high. Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 8875 13605 psi Density 37 lbs/ft3 Hardness 995 lbs Maximum Crushing Strength 4209 7215 psi Shearing Strength 1574 psi Stiffness 1440 1716 1000 psi Specific Gravity 0.48 Weight 36 26 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 3 % Tangential Shrinkage 6 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 623 956 kg/cm2 Density 592 kg/m3 Hardness 451 kg Maximum Crushing Strength 295 507 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 110 kg/cm2 Stiffness 101 120 1000 kg/cm2 Specific Gravity 0.48 Weight 576 416 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 3 % References Bolza, E.,1981,The Mechanical properties of 33 Solomon Islands timbers,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Building Research. Technical Paper (2nd series) No.37 Brown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 8 Australasia,TRADA, Red Booklet Series Budgen, B.,1981,Shrinkage and density of some Australian and South-East Asian Timbers,C.S.I.R.O. Div. building Res. Tech Paper(2nd Series) No.38 Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison. EcoTimber International, San Francisco, California. Personal Communication, 1993. Keating, W.G., Bolza, E.,1982,Characteristics properties and uses of timbers. South East Asia, Northern,Australia and the Pacific,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Chemical Technology,Inkata Press,1 Pleydell, G.J.,1970,Timbers of the British Solomon Islands,United Africa Company (Timber) Ltd, London Solomon Islands Forestry Department,1970,Solomon Islands Timbers Calophyllum kajewskii,Solomon Islands Timbers Timber Leaflet No.1, Solomon Islands Forestry,Department, Honiara Solomon Islands,1976,Solomon Islands Timbers - Major Species,For Div. Min. Nat. Resources, Honiara, Timber Booklet 1 The Ecological Trading Company Limited (ETC, Newcastle upon Tyre, United Kingdom.