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Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Distribution Overview Drying Defects Ease of Drying Environmental Profile Family Name Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Schedules Luster Mortising Moulding Movement in Service Natural Durability Numerical Data Odor Planing Polishing References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Sapwood Color Scientific Name Strength Properties Texture Trade Name Tree Size		Scientific Name Calophyllum inophyllum Trade Name Beach calophyllum Family Name Guttiferae Common Names Alexandrian laurel, Aptakas, Beach calophyllum, Beauty leaf, Bintangor, Biotu, Bitanghol, Bitaog, Biyuch, Biyuuch, Btaches, Damanu, Fteh, Ka thang han, Ka thang lan, Legitu, Penaga, Rakich, Tamanou, Tang hon, Wangu Regions of Distribution Oceania and S.E. Asia Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Australia, Fiji, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Philippines, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Vietnam Common Uses Balusters, Bedroom suites, Boat building, Boxes and crates, Building construction, Building materials, Cabinetmaking, Canoes, Casks, Chairs, Chests, Concealed parts (Furniture), Construction, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Domestic flooring, Dowell pins, Dowells, Drawer sides, Drum sticks, Excelsior, Fine furniture, Floor lamps, Flooring, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Hatracks, Interior construction, Interior trim, Joinery, Kitchen cabinets, Lifeboats, Light construction, Living-room suites, Millwork, Mine timbers, Musical instruments , Precision instruments, Pulpwood, Shipbuilding, Vehicle parts Environmental Profile Generally secure within most of its natural habitat, but note exceptions. Data source is World Conservation Monitoring Center Classified as vulnerable in the Philippines Distribution Overview The ball nut is a native tree of coastal areas of northern Australia. It prefers the relatively sheltered, well-drained sites on sandy beaches and dune systems along the coastline of central and northern Queensland. Although it will persist on the drier parts of the coastline, it grows more vigorously and exhibits greater tolerance to exposure on the higher rainfall areas of the tropical coast. Native to coasts of the Indian and Pacific Oceans, introduced to some places such as Hawaii. Common in Singapore. Heartwood Color Yellow Orange Brown Red Reddish brown Color changes with age The color of the heartwood is described as reddish-brown, with darker streaks on longitudinal surfaces. The color is reported to turn dull gray with age. Various woods of Calophyllum are very difficult to differentiate Sapwood Color White Yellow Red Pinkish-brown Pale straw Clearly differentiated from the heartwood Grain Interlocked Moderately to severely interlocked Texture Fine Medium Luster Medium Low Lustrous Natural Durability Durable Perishable Moderately durable Non-durable Susceptible to attack by marine borers and termites Heartwood seldomly attacked by borers, but is is susceptible to attack by termites and marine borers such as shipworms (Teredo spp.) and gribble (Limnoria spp.) Odor No specific smell or taste Kiln Schedules T2 - D4 (4/4); T2 - D3 (8/4) US Schedule A (4/4) United Kingdom. Drying Defects Checking Slight surface checking Moderate twist/warp Moderate end spitting Ease of Drying Special attention required Fair Weight down stacks to minimize warping Tree Size Bark width is 10-15 mm Tree height is 20-30 m Tree height is 10-20 m Bark width is 15-20 mm Bole is often crooked and leans at an angle of less than 45 degrees to the ground. Comments Deposits in Wood - Wood vessels contain a red deposit. Ornamental species The species is highly favored as an ornamental tree. It is also widely cultivated for its oil in many tropical regions. Cutting Resistance Material with interlocked grain can be difficult. Sawn surfaces can be wooly Mortising Interlocked grain effects mortising Difficult to mortise Moulding Requires very sharp cutting edges Very sharp edges required to keep grain from tearing Movement in Service Excellent Stability - Small Movement Medium Moderate dimensional stability can be attained after seasoning. Medium movement can occur after manufacturing. Planing Special attention required Poor planing characteristics Interlocked grain makes planing difficult. Recommended that sharp cutting edge and reduced cutting angle are used Resistance to Impregnation Resistant heartwood Resistant sapwood Sapwood is easily treatable Heartwood is moderately resistant Response to Hand Tools Fairly Difficult to Difficult to Work Easy to Work Wood usually has interlocked grain, making it more difficult to work with hand tools Special attention required For best results cutting edges should be kept sharp. Interlocked grain commonly causes tearing Polishing Requires a filler High polish Strength Properties Compression strength (parallel to grain) = high Bending strength in the air-dry condition (about 12 percent moisture content) is high - comparable to Teak. Maximum crushing strength, or compression strength parallel to grain, is high. Some familiar species with high crushing strength parallel to grain include Hard maple, Teak, and White oak. It is fairly hard, resisting wear, denting, and marring fairly well. It is heavy. The density is high Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 9067 14205 psi Crushing Strength 1162 1714 psi Density 39 lbs/ft3 Hardness 1426 lbs Impact Strength 31 inches Maximum Crushing Strength 4312 7223 psi Shearing Strength 2132 psi Static Bending 6426 9269 psi Stiffness 1365 1668 1000 psi Toughness 523 inch-lbs Specific Gravity 0.51 0.55 Weight 45 38 lbs/ft3 Volumetric Shrinkage 10 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 637 998 kg/cm2 Crushing Strength 81 120 kg/cm2 Density 624 kg/m3 Hardness 646 kg Impact Strength 78 cm Maximum Crushing Strength 303 507 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 149 kg/cm2 Static Bending 451 651 kg/cm2 Stiffness 95 117 1000 kg/cm2 Toughness 602 cm-kg Specific Gravity 0.51 0.55 Weight 721 608 kg/m3 References Chowdhury, K.A. and S.S. Ghosh. 1958. Indian Woods - Their Identification, Properties and Uses, Volume I - Dilleniaceae to Elaeocarpaceae. Published by the Manager of Publications, Delhi, India. Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison. Desch, H. E. 1957. Manual of Malayan Timbers. The Malayan Forester, 28(30):315-318. Eddowes, P.J. 1977. Commercial Timbers of Papua New Guinea - Their Properties and Uses. Forest Products Research Center, Office of Forests, Department of Primary Industry, Papua New Guinea. Keating, W.G., Bolza, E.,1982,Characteristics properties and uses of timbers. South East Asia, Northern,Australia and the Pacific,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Chemical Technology,Inkata Press,1 Lauricio, F. M., Bellosillo, S. B. 1966. The Mechanical and Related Properties of Philippine Woods, The Lumberman, 12(5):A-H. Limaye, V.D. 1954. Grouping of Indian Timbers and their Properties, Uses and Suitability. Indian Forest Records, New Series. Timber Mechanics, Vol. 1, No. 2, Forest Research Institute, Dehra Dun, India. Limaye, V.D. and B.R. Sen. 1956. Weights and Specific Gravities of Indian Woods. Indian Forest Records (New Series). Timber Mechanics. Volume 1 No. 4. Manager of Publications (Publisher, Delhi. WCMC. 1992. Conservation Status Listing - Trees and Timbers of the World. World Conservation Monitoring Center-Plants Programme, Cambridge, CB3 ODL, United Kingdom.