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Blunting Effect Boring Carving Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Distribution Overview Drying Defects Ease of Drying Environmental Profile Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Schedules Luster Mortising Movement in Service Natural Durability Numerical Data Odor Planing Polishing References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Resistance to Splitting Response to Hand Tools Sanding Sapwood Color Scientific Name Screwing Steam Bending Strength Properties Synonyms Texture Trade Name Tree Identification Tree Size Turning		Scientific Name Buchenavia capitata Trade Name Yellow sanders Family Name Combretaceae Synonyms Bucida capitata Common Names Almendro, Amarillo, Amarillo boj, Angouchi des sables, Bois arcoquois, Bois gli gli, Bois glis-glis, Bois gri gri, Bois gri-gri, Bois gris gris, Bois gris-gris, Bois margot, Bois olivier, Chicharro, Ciruelillo, Gemberhout, Gli-gli, Granadillo, Gri-gri, Guaraguao, Jocuma, Jucarillo, Jucaro amarillo, Jucaro mastelero, Jucaro-amarillo, Jucaro-mastelero, Katoelima, Matakki, Mirindiba, Mountain wild olive, Olivier, Olivier grand bois, Olivo negro, Olivonegro, Periquiteira, Sandero-yellow, Toekoeli, Wild olive, Yellow olivier, Yellow s, Yellow sanders Regions of Distribution Central America, Latin America, Oceania and S.E. Asia Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Bahamas, Bolivia, Brazil, Columbia, Cuba, Dominican Republic, French Guiana, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, Panama, Puerto Rico [US], Puerto Rico, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela Common Uses Boat building (general), Boat building, Boat building: decking, Boat building: framing, Boxes and crates, Building materials, Cabinetmaking, Canoes, Chairs, Charcoal, Chemical containers, Chests, Concealed parts (Furniture), Decks, Decorative veneer, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Domestic flooring, Dowell pins, Dowells, Drawer sides, Figured veneer, Fine furniture, Floor lamps, Flooring, Fuelwood, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Furniture, Hatracks, Heavy construction, Kitchen cabinets, Lifeboats, Light construction, Living-room suites, Mine timbers, Office furniture, Parquet flooring, Planks, Plywood, Poles, Radio - stereo - TV cabinets, Railroad ties, Rustic furniture, Shipbuilding, Stools, Sub-flooring, Tables , Turnery, Utility furniture, Vats, Veneer, Veneer: decorative, Walking sticks, Wardrobes Environmental Profile Status unknown in many of its growth areas Data source is World Conservation Monitoring Center Distribution Overview West Indies, Panama, and South America from Venezuela to French Guiana Brazil, and Bolivia.  Several related species are found in the Amazon region. Heartwood Color Red Brown Purple Pink Green/grey Yellow to golden-yellow to orange Pale brown Greenish to greyish Yellowish brown Grey cast Golden brown upon exposure Dark brown Brown Sapwood Color White to yellow Paler than heartwood Pale yellowish brown Different than heartwood Grain Figure Interlocked Other (figure) Straight Even Closed Growth rings (figure) Distinct (figure) Wavy Straight Interlocked Other figures are possible or common Other figure Wavy Occasionally interlocked, but not always Distinct figure Clear growth rings (figure) Texture Medium Fine Coarse Medium Medium coarse to coarse Fine Luster Medium Pronounced High Natural Durability Perishable Moderately durable Non-durable Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera) Resistant to attack from termites (Isoptera) Moderately resistant to termite (Isoptera) attack Durable Very durable Moderately durable Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Susceptible to attack by marine borers Sapwood susceptible to attack by powder post beetles Resistant to wood staining fungal attack Non durable Moderately resistant to decay Moderately resistant to attack by termites Good weathering characteristics Odor Spicy scent and mild bitter taste when green Kiln Schedules Drying (speed) is fast Drying Defects Slight twist/warp Slight surface checking Slight spring/bow Moderate surface checking Ease of Drying Easy Air-dries rapidly and easily, with little degrade, little care needed 5/4 stock of the wood solar-dries very well Tree Identification Bole/stem form is buttressed Tree Size Tree height is 10-20 m Bark width is 15-20 mm Tree height is 0-10 m Bark width is 25-30 mm Bark width is 10-15 mm Comments Attractive funiture wood General finishing qualities are rated as good Blunting Effect Blunting effect on sawing is moderate Boring Easy Difficult due to hardness Carving Good to spindle carve Cutting Resistance Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw Moderate to saw Easy to saw Gluing Difficult to glue Mortising Hardness and irregular grain affect mortising properties Easy to mortise Movement in Service Stable Holds shape after seasoning Planing Hardness and irregular grain affect planing Easy to plane Resistance to Impregnation Heartwood is extremely resistant Sapwood is resistant Resistance to Splitting Good Response to Hand Tools Easy to Work Moderate working qualities Irregular grain may cause it to tear Excellent response Easy to machine Difficult to machine Sanding Easy to sand Screwing Difficult to screw Turning May be some tearing due to irregular grain Good results Easy to turn Steam Bending Moderate Fair/moderate Polishing Good results Satisfactory results Smooth finish Strength Properties Shrinkage, Radial = very small Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Bending strength (MOR) = medium Shrinkage, Tangential = small Max. crushing strength = high Shrinkage, Volumetric = small Hardness (side grain) = medium Max. crushing strength = medium Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium Hardness (side grain) = soft Shrinkage, Tangential = very small Shrinkage, Radial = small Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. Bending strength (MOR) = low Very heavy Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Resists denting and marring Hardness = medium Dnesity (dry wieght) = 53-60 lbs/cu. ft. Density = high Compression strength (parallel to grain) = high Bending strength (MOR) = high Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 9452 13409 psi Crushing Strength 1046 1254 psi Density 47 lbs/ft3 Hardness 1328 lbs Maximum Crushing Strength 5476 8070 psi Shearing Strength 1932 psi Static Bending 6202 7513 psi Stiffness 1457 1661 1000 psi Toughness 121 inch-lbs Work to Maximum Load 8 9 inch-lbs/in3 Specific Gravity 0.55 0.62 Weight 46 36 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 2 % Tangential Shrinkage 5 % Volumetric Shrinkage 8 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 664 942 kg/cm2 Crushing Strength 73 88 kg/cm2 Density 753 kg/m3 Hardness 602 kg Maximum Crushing Strength 385 567 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 135 kg/cm2 Static Bending 436 528 kg/cm2 Stiffness 102 116 1000 kg/cm2 Toughness 139 cm-kg Work to Maximum Load 0.56 0.63 cm-kg/cm3 Specific Gravity 0.55 0.62 Weight 737 576 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 2 % Tangential Shrinkage 5 % References Berni, C.A., Bolza, E., Christensen, F.J.,1979,South American Timbers - The Characteristics, Properties and Uses of 190,Species,C.S.I.R.O Div. Building Research Brooks, R.L., et al,1941,Durability tests on Untreated Timbers in Trinidad,Caribbean Forester,2(3,pp101-119 Caribbean Commission,1952,Information on properties of timbers gathered by questionnaire and,collated in the secretariat of the Caribbean Commission including some,related data from technical literature.,Caribbean Commission, Port of Spain, Trinidad Caribbean Timbers, their,Utilization and Trade within the area CTUTA/1/Doc.7 + App.1-18 Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison. Dickinson, F.E.,1949,Properties and Uses of Tropical Woods 1,Tropical Woods,13(95,pp1-140 Edmondson, C.H.,1949,Reaction of Woods from S.America and Caribbean areas to Marine Borers in,Hawaiian Waters,Caribbean Foresters,10(1,PP37-41 Fors, A.J.,1965,Maderas Cubanas,Inst. Nac. Ref. Agraria La Habara Lamb, A.F.A., Wangaard, F.F.,1950,The Gluing Properties of certain Tropical American Woods,Yale Univ. School of Forestry Technical Report,4 Little, E.L., Wadsworth, F.H.,1964,Common Trees of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook,No.249 Longwood, F.R.,1961,Puerto Rican Woods - Their Machining Seasoning and Related Characteristics,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook,No.205 Marshall, R.C.,1934,Trees of Trinidad and Tobago,Government Printer Port of Spain Trinidad Marshall, R.C.,1939,Silviculture of the trees of Trinidad and Tobago - British West Indies,O.U.P.,London Record, S.J., Hess, R.W.,1943,Timbers of the New World,Yale University Press Record, S.J., Mell, C.D.,1924,Timbers of Tropical America,Yale Univ. Press Slooten van der, H.J., Martinez, E.P.,1959,Descripcion y propiedades de algunas madeiras Venezolanas,Inst. for Lation Americano de Investigacion y Capaciticion Boletin,Informaturo Dirulgaturo Swabey, C.,1941,The Principal Timbers of Jamaica,Department of Science and Agriculture Jamaica Bulletin No.29 Takahashi, A.,1975,Compilation of data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part 2,Central and South America,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No.4 Wangaard, F.F., and A.F. Muschler. 1952. Tropical Woods - Properties and Uses of Tropical Woods, Volume III, No. 98. School of Forestry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut. Wangaard, F.F., Chudnoff, M.,1950,The Steam Bending Properties of Certain Tropical American Woods,Yale Univ. School of Forestry Technical Report No. 6 Wangaard, F.F., Muschler, A.F.,1952,Properties and Uses of Tropical Woods 3,Tropical Woods,14(98, pp1-190 Wangaard, F.F.,1951,The Physical Properties of Tropical Woods,F.A.O. For. & For. Prod. Studies Series No.3 Tropical Woods and Ag.,Residues as sources of pulp,pp10-16 WCMC. 1992. Conservation Status Listing - Trees and Timbers of the World. World Conservation Monitoring Center-Plants Programme, Cambridge, CB3 ODL, United Kingdom. Wolcott, G.N.,1940,A List of the Woods arranged according to their resistance to the attack,of,the 'Polilla', the Dry-wood Termite of the West Indies, Cryptotermes,brevis Walker,Caribbean Forester,1(4,PP1-10