Clicking any heading in the main data area (at right) will scroll the page back to this top position. Use the following links to jump to the associated section in the main data. Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Drying Defects Ease of Drying Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Luster Nailing Natural Durability Numerical Data Painting Planing Polishing References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Sapwood Color Scientific Name Steam Bending Strength Properties Texture Trade Name Tree Identification Tree Size Varnishing		Scientific Name Premna angolensis Trade Name Banyumunikiro Family Name Verbenaceae Common Names Banyumunikiro, Kisongula, Muhorohoro, Mungaliguru, Mungalikoro, Mungilakoro, Mutala, Nkubwa, Omukomati Regions of Distribution Africa Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Kenya, Uganda Common Uses Agricultural implements, Boat building (general), Boxes and crates, Cabinetmaking, Carvings, Cooperages, Flooring: industrial heavy traffic, Food containers, Furniture, Heavy construction, Light construction, Mine timbers, Plywood, Toys, Turnery Heartwood Color Red Purple Pink Brown Green/grey Yellow to golden-yellow to orange Brown White to cream Sapwood Color White Yellow Paler than heartwood Grain Even Straight Interlocked Straight Interlocked Texture Fine Medium Medium Luster Medium Natural Durability Non-durable Perishable Moderately durable Susceptible to marine borer attack Resistant to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Non durable Durable Drying Defects Checking Slight surface checking Ease of Drying Fairly Easy Tree Identification Bole/stem form is misshapen Bole/stem form is fluted Tree Size Bole length is 0-10 m Bole length is 10-20 m Tree height is 20-30 m Tree height is 30-40 m Cutting Resistance Easy to saw Gluing Moderate gluing properties Nailing Holds nails well Planing Planes well, to a good finish Resistance to Impregnation Resistant heartwood Resistant sapwood Response to Hand Tools Easy to Work Easy to machine Steam Bending Poor Moderate Painting Good results Polishing Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Good results Varnishing Good results Strength Properties Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. Shrinkage, Tangential = very small Shrinkage, Radial = very small Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium Max. crushing strength = medium Bending strength (MOR) = medium Shrinkage, Tangential = small Shrinkage, Radial = small Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 9310 14566 psi Density 47 lbs/ft3 Maximum Crushing Strength 3916 6397 psi Shearing Strength 1883 psi Stiffness 1665 1923 1000 psi Weight 46 37 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 2 % Tangential Shrinkage 5 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 654 1024 kg/cm2 Density 753 kg/m3 Maximum Crushing Strength 275 449 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 132 kg/cm2 Stiffness 117 135 1000 kg/cm2 Weight 737 592 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 2 % References Bolza, E., Keating, W.G.,1972,African Timbers - the Properties, Uses and Characteristics of 700 Species,C.S.I.R.O. Div. of Building Research Dale, I.R., Greenway, P.J.,1961,Kenya Trees and Shrubs,Buchanans Kenya Estates Ltd. Nairobi Hatchards London Eggeling, W.J.,1940,Indigenous Trees of Uganda,Govt. Printer Entebbe Uganda Wimbush, S.H.,1950,Catalogue of Kenya Timbers,Govt. Printer Nairobi Kenya