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Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Drying Defects Ease of Drying Family Name Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Schedules Luster Nailing Natural Durability Numerical Data Planing Polishing References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Sapwood Color Scientific Name Steam Bending Strength Properties Synonyms Texture Trade Name Tree Identification Tree Size Varnishing Veneering Qualities		Scientific Name Patagonula americana Trade Name Ape branco Family Name Boraginaceae Synonyms Cordia patagonula Common Names Ape branco, Crespo, Cuayabi, Guaiabira, Guaiabl branco, Guaiaibira, Guaijibira, Guaiuvira, Guajibira, Guajivira, Guajubira, Guajuvira, Guajuvira branca, Guaraiuva, Guarapovira, Guarapuvira, Guatuvira, Guayabi, Guayabi amarillo, Guayabi blanco, Guayabi crespo, Guayabi d'argentine, Guayabi moroti, Guayabi negro, Guayabil, Guayaibi, Guayaibi moroti, Guayaibi ra, Guayaibimoroti, Guayubi, Guyaba, Ipe branco, Lanza blanca, Pau-d'arco Regions of Distribution Latin America Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Argentina, Brazil, French Guiana, Paraguay, Uruguay Common Uses Agricultural implements, Boat building (general), Boat building: framing, Cabinetmaking, Carvings, Chairs, Cooperages, Flooring, Flooring: commercial heavy traffic, Furniture, Heavy construction, Joinery, Light construction, Mathematical instruments, Mine timbers, Musical instruments, Oars, Poles, Sporting Goods, Structural work, Tool handles, Toys, Turnery, Vehicle parts, Veneer, Veneer: decorative, Wheel spokes, Wheels Heartwood Color Brown Red Pink White Purple Purple Brown Greenish to greyish Black Pale brown Dark brown Sapwood Color Brown White White to yellow Well defined Different than heartwood Grain Straight Closed Even Wavy Straight Wavy Figure shows patterns other than those generally described Texture Fine Medium Fine Medium Fine to medium Luster Lustrous Slightly lustrous Natural Durability Non-durable Perishable Susceptible to insect attack Non-resistant to powder post beetles Resistant to termites Resistant to marine borers Moderately durable Very durable Kiln Schedules Drying (speed) is fast Drying Defects Splitting Ease of Drying Easy Tree Identification Bole/stem form is straight Tree Size Tree height is 10-20 m Tree height is 0-10 m Tree height is 20-30 m Tree height is 30-40 m Sapwood width is 5-10 cm Tree height is 40-50 m Tree height is 50-60 m Comments General finishing qualities are rated as good Cutting Resistance Easy to saw Cutting Resistance with green wood is easy Cutting Resistance with dry wood is easy Nailing Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Planing Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Resistance to Impregnation Heartwood is permeable Response to Hand Tools Easy to machine Veneering Qualities Suitable for peeling Veneers moderately easy Difficult to veneer Veneers easily Suitable for slicing Steam Bending Very good Polishing Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Good results Satisfactory results Varnishing Satisfactory Strength Properties Bending strength (MOR) = high Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Max. crushing strength = medium Max. crushing strength = high Density (dry weight) = 53-60 lbs/cu. ft Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. Shrinkage, Volumetric = fairly large Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very high Hardness (side grain) = medium Density (dry weight) = 61-67 lbs/cu. ft Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 13576 20956 psi Density 53 lbs/ft3 Hardness 1658 lbs Maximum Crushing Strength 5408 8171 psi Shearing Strength 3185 psi Stiffness 1665 1923 1000 psi Weight 52 42 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 4 % Tangential Shrinkage 9 % Volumetric Shrinkage 13 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 954 1473 kg/cm2 Density 849 kg/m3 Hardness 752 kg Maximum Crushing Strength 380 574 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 223 kg/cm2 Stiffness 117 135 1000 kg/cm2 Weight 833 673 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 4 % Tangential Shrinkage 9 % References Bena, P.,1960,Essences Forestieres de Guyane,Bureau Agricole et Forestier Guyanais Guyana Berni, C.A., Bolza, E., Christensen, F.J.,1979,South American Timbers - The Characteristics, Properties and Uses of 190,Species,C.S.I.R.O Div. Building Research Celulosa Argentina,1973,Libro del Arbol,Celulosa Argentina Buenos Aires 3 Vols Mainieri, C., Pereira, J.A.,1965,Madeiras do Brasil,Anuario Brasileiro de Economia Florestal,17(17,PP135-416 Mainieri, C.,1970,Madeiras Brasilieras,Sao Paulo Secretaria da Agricultra, Institulo Florestral Mainieri, C.,1978,Fichas de Caracteristicas das Madeiras Brasileiras,Inst. Pesquisas Technologicas Record, S.J., Hess, R.W.,1943,Timbers of the New World,Yale University Press Record, S.J., Mell, C.D.,1924,Timbers of Tropical America,Yale Univ. Press Rizzini, C.T.,1978,Arvores e Madeiras Uteis do Brasil: Manual de Dendrologia Brasileira,Editora Edgard Blucher LTDA Brazil Sao Paulo - Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnologicas,1956,Tabelas de Resultados obtidos para Madeiras Nacionais,Inst. Pesq. Tec. Sao Paulo, Brazil Bol., No.31(2nd Ed.) Takahashi, A.,1975,Compilation of data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part 2,Central and South America,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No.4 Tortorelli, L.,1956,Maderas y Bosques Argentinos,Editorial Acme S.A.C.I. Buenos Aires