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Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Drying Defects Ease of Drying Family Name Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Drying Rate Nailing Natural Durability Numerical Data Planing References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Sapwood Color Scientific Name Strength Properties Synonyms Texture Trade Name Tree Identification Tree Size Veneering Qualities		Scientific Name Kydia calycina Trade Name Arlak arong Family Name Malvaceae Synonyms Kydia fraterna Common Names Arlak arong, Arlakso-arong, Baluma-shaw, Balumashaw, Bankopasia, Bargha, Barranga, Belagu, Bellaka, Bende, Bende-narl, Bendi, Bharanga, Bharmio, Bhendi, Bhoti, Bicra, Billlulhendi, Billu-bhendi, Bitabororo, Bitagoinr, Bitha gonyer, Bittia, Bokemaiza, Boldobak, Boldobard, Bonkopah, Bosha, Burkapa, Buruk, Changne, Charpili, Choupultea, Crukutada, Derhi, Derki, Dhamin, Dieng-jannep, Dieng-misri, Dwabok, Dwabote, Dwakbok, Dwalok tabo, Gommer, Heppaching, Illya, Kadubende, Kakahi, Khopashya, Kolibende, Kondapathi, Kondapatti, Kondapotari, Kopasia, Kubinde, Kukuha, Kung ho-sa, Kunji, Magan-kaji, Magap, Mahow, Meikyat, Mhotihirwani, Modon-phang, Moshongon, Motipotari, Myethlwa, Nayibende, Nedunar, Nihotilirwani, Pachhbotuka, Palao, Pandiki, Parak, Patadhamin, Patha, Pattra, Pedda-kunji, Peddakusiji, Peddapotri, Petshat, Pillu, Pitchola, Pola, Poshkaolat, Poskaolat, Potari, Potasi, Potri, Puka olat, Pula, Pulan, Pulao, Puli, Pulian, Putai, Puttiya, Ran-bhendi, Safed, Safeddhaman, Sedangtagla, Sedangtaglar, Starmisri-arong, Tabri, Tagla, Tayanni, Tayawni, Thari, Varanga, Varangada, Varung, Vayakannu, Veembu, Vella-chadachi, Velukku, Vendai, Venta, Wala, Warang Regions of Distribution Oceania and S.E. Asia Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Burma, India Common Uses Agricultural implements, Boat building (general), Boxes and crates, Brush backs & handles, Carvings, Charcoal, Fuelwood, Heavy construction, Light construction, Matches, Oars, Pencil, Plywood, Pulp/Paper products, Textile equipment, Toys, Vehicle parts, Veneer Heartwood Color Red Brown Greenish to greyish Purple Brown Sapwood Color Red White to yellow Well defined Grain Straight Even Figure Growth rings (figure) Straight Clear growth rings (figure) Texture Medium Medium to coarse Coarse Natural Durability Perishable Susceptible to insect attack Non-resistant to powder post beetles Non-resistant to termites Non-resistant to marine borers Non-durable Non durable Sapwood is susceptible to wood staining fungal attack Drying Defects Distortion Splitting Checking No end splitting Moderate twist/warp Ease of Drying Slowly Easy Kiln Drying Rate Naturally dries at a moderate speed Naturally dries slowly Tree Identification Bole/stem form is straight Tree Size Bole length is 0-10 m Sapwood width is 0-5 cm Sapwood width is 5-10 cm Tree height is 10-20 m Tree height is 30-40 m Comments General finishing qualities are rated as good Cutting Resistance Cutting Resistance with green wood is easy Cutting Resistance with dry wood is easy Nailing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Planing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Planes well, to a good finish Easy to plane Resistance to Impregnation Permeable sapwood Permeable heartwood Heartwood is permeable Response to Hand Tools Easy to machine Veneering Qualities Suitable for peeling Veneers moderately easy Veneers easily Strength Properties Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = very low Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low Max. crushing strength = low Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. Density (dry weight) = 23-30 lbs/cu. ft. Bending strength (MOR) = very low Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 2509 3623 psi Density 36 lbs/ft3 Impact Strength 15 inches Maximum Crushing Strength 2139 3916 psi Stiffness 1017 1199 1000 psi Weight 35 27 lbs/ft3 Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 176 254 kg/cm2 Density 576 kg/m3 Impact Strength 38 cm Maximum Crushing Strength 150 275 kg/cm2 Stiffness 71 84 1000 kg/cm2 References Bhat, R.V.,1970,Pulping of Tropical Hardwoods,Indian Pulp and Paper Technology Association IPPTA,7(3,pp203-214 Blatter, E., Millard, W.S.,1937,Some Beautiful Indian Trees,John Bale, Sons & Cornow Ltd, London Bourdillon, T.F.,1908,The Forest Trees of Travancore,Travancore Government Press Chowdhury, K.A., Ghosh, S.S.,1958,Indian Woods: Their identification, properties and uses Vol. I,Dilleruaceae to Elaeocarpaceae,Manager of Publications, Delhi, India Gamble, J.S.,1902,A Manual of Indian Timbers,Sampson Low, Marston & Co. London Nazma,1981,A handbook of Kerala Timbers,Kerala Forest Research Institute Research Report, No.9 Pearson, R.S., Brown, H.P.,1932,Commercial Timbers of India,Govt. Printer Calcutta,2 vols