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Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Drying Defects Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Schedules Light-Induced Color Change Luster Mortising Moulding Nailing Natural Durability Numerical Data Planing Polishing References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Sanding Sapwood Color Scientific Name Screwing Strength Properties Texture Toxicity Trade Name Tree Identification Tree Size Veneering Qualities		Scientific Name Hannoa klaineana Trade Name Abo Family Name Simaroubaceae Common Names Abo, Aboho, Ahiefe, Ati, Bobet, Effe, Effen, Effeu, Fentia, Futia, Futoro-futoro, Futro-futro, Hete bake, Hotoro-hotoro, Hotoroho, Hutro-hu, Igbo, Igigun, Ikpoki, Neube, Nkube, Ofo, Ogbess, Oghulu, Orisi, Tetesemopu, Uguekpokin, Yaglu, Zauh Regions of Distribution Africa Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Congo, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Nigeria, Zaire Common Uses Agricultural implements, Boat building (general), Boxes and crates, Canoes, Flooring, Food containers, Fuelwood, Furniture, Joinery, Light construction, Matches, Millwork, Particleboard, Plywood, Pulp/Paper products, Sporting Goods, Turnery, Vats, Vehicle parts, Veneer Heartwood Color Brown Black Yellow Red Green/grey Orange Pink Yellow to golden-yellow to orange White to cream Pale brown Sapwood Color White Yellow Brown Red Green/Grey Same as heartwood White to yellow Grain Straight Closed Even Interlocked Wavy Straight Wavy Interlocked Texture Fine Medium Coarse Medium to coarse Medium Luster Medium Pronounced Lustrous Natural Durability Durable Very durable Non-resistant to termites Susceptible to insect attack Non durable Susceptible to marine borer attack Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera) Sapwood is susceptible to wood staining fungal attack Resistant to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Perishable Light-Induced Color Change None Darker Toxicity Some toxic effects Kiln Schedules Drying (speed) is fast Drying Defects Checking Distortion Slight surface checking Tree Identification Bole/stem form is not buttressed Bole/stem form is buttressed Bole/stem form is straight Bole/stem form is cylindrical Tree Size Tree height is 20-30 m Tree height is 10-20 m Tree height is 0-10 m Bark width is 10-15 mm Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm Comments General finishing qualities are rated as good Cutting Resistance Cutting Resistance with dry wood is easy Gluing Easy to glue Mortising Easy to mortise Moulding Easy to mould Nailing Easy to nail Planing Planes well, to a good finish Easy to plane Resistance to Impregnation Heartwood is resistant Heartwood is permeable Response to Hand Tools Easy to Work Easy to machine Sanding Easy to sand Screwing Easy to screw Veneering Qualities Easy to cut Suitable for slicing Suitable for peeling Polishing Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Strength Properties Shrinkage, Radial = small Hardness (side grain) = very soft Density (dry weight) = 23-30 lbs/cu. ft. Density (dry weight) = 15-22 lbs/cu. ft. Bending strength (MOR) = very low Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low Max. crushing strength = low Shrinkage, Volumetric = fairly large Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Max. crushing strength (stiffness) = very low Shrinkage, Volumetric = small Shrinkage, Volumetric = moderate Shrinkage, Tangential = small Shrinkage, Tangential = large Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Shrinkage, Radial = large Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large Bending strength (MOR) = low Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 3229 4817 psi Density 22 lbs/ft3 Hardness 319 lbs Maximum Crushing Strength 1573 2923 psi Stiffness 1017 1199 1000 psi Weight 22 18 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 4 % Tangential Shrinkage 7 % Volumetric Shrinkage 12 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 227 338 kg/cm2 Density 352 kg/m3 Hardness 144 kg Maximum Crushing Strength 110 205 kg/cm2 Stiffness 71 84 1000 kg/cm2 Weight 352 288 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 4 % Tangential Shrinkage 7 % References Bolza, E., Keating, W.G.,1972,African Timbers - the Properties, Uses and Characteristics of 700 Species,C.S.I.R.O. Div. of Building Research Cooper, G.P., Record, S.J.,1931,The Evergreen Forests of Liberia,Yale School Forestry Bulletin,31,pp1-153 Dalziel, J.M.,1937,The Useful Plants of West Tropical Africa,Crown Agents for the Colonies Dudek, S.,1981,Lesser Known Liberian Timber Species,German Agency for Technical Cooperation Germany Forest Products Research Laboratory, Nigeria,1965,Nigerian Timbers for Matchmaking,Nigeria Fed. Department of Forest Research, Ibadan, Forest Products,Research Laboratory Report No.5 Fouarge, J., Gerard, G.,1964,Bois du Mayumbe,I.N.E.A.C. Belguim Fouarge, J.,1950,Appropriation de Bois Congolais aux Besoins de la Metropole,I.N.E.A.C. Belgium Serie Technique,No.38 Fouarge, J.,1970,Essais Physiques,Mecaniques et de Durabilite de Bois de la Republique,Democratique du Congo,I.N.E.A.C. Belgium Serie Technique,No.76 Irvine, F.R.,1961,Woody Plants of Ghana,O.U.P. London Keay, R.W.J.,1964,Nigerian Trees Vol.2,Nigeria Federal Department of Forest Research, Ibadan Kryn, J.M., Forbes, E.W.,1959,The Woods of Liberia,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture,Forest Products Laboratory, Madison,,Report No. 2159 Lebacq, L., Dechamps, R.,1967,Contribution a un Inventaire de Forets du Nord-kasai,Musee Royal de L'Afrique Centrale Belgium Annals Series 8 No.5 Pieters, A.,1977,Essences Forestieres du Zaire,R.U.G. Gent Belguim Sallenave, P.,1964,Proprietes Physiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux (Premier Supplement,C.T.F.T. Publ.,no.23 Takahashi, A.,1978,Compilation of Data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part,III) Africa,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No. 7 Uganda Forest Department,1934,Uganda Mahogany (Khaya anthotheca,Uganda Forestry Department