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Boring Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Drying Defects Ease of Drying Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Drying Rate Kiln Schedules Mortising Moulding Movement in Service Nailing Natural Durability Numerical Data Planing Polishing References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Sapwood Color Scientific Name Strength Properties Synonyms Texture Trade Name Tree Size Turning		Scientific Name Hagenia abyssinica Trade Name Bondet Family Name Rosaceae Synonyms Brayera anthelmintica, Hagenia anthelmintica Common Names Bondet, Chagga of old moshi, Cousso, Cusso, Duchia, Edo, Fieto, Habbi, Hagenia, Hato, Heto, Ihangala, Kamonde, Kibongoto, Kikukwe, Kisichetwa, Kosso, Kossobaum, Kuso ag, Kuso tree, Leo, Masai, Mfoono, Mizeti, Mkumburu, Mlanga, Mokesi, Mrosirose, Mrozirozi, Mruziruzi, Mtulenya, Muchagachaga, Muchokachoka, Mugeti, Muhulisi, Muinyeri, Mujogajoga, Mukunzuti, Mumondo, Munyagondu, Museregego, Muweti, Muzeti, Muziziku, Mwanga, Mwisso, Nafuru, Ngivavi, Njororuet, Ol kijabe, Omujesi, Seweruwa, Shagaret el hhabbashiyah, Shagaret el kusu, Shawa, Sigurwa, Sokoruet Regions of Distribution Africa Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire Common Uses Agricultural implements, Boxes and crates, Cabinetmaking, Flooring, Fuelwood, Furniture, Joinery, Light construction, Particleboard, Plywood, Pulp/Paper products, Vehicle parts, Veneer: decorative Heartwood Color White Yellow to golden-yellow to orange Reddish brown Sapwood Color White Yellow Grain Straight Figure Even Distinct (figure) Weak (figure) Straight Weak figure Distinct figure Texture Fine Medium Fine to medium Natural Durability Very durable Non durable Perishable Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera) Resistant to attack from termites (Isoptera) Susceptible to marine borer attack Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Moderately durable Kiln Schedules Kiln Drying Rate (in days) is fairly rapid Drying (speed) is fast Dry at a moderate speed UK=E US=T6D2/T3D1 Fr=5 Kiln Drying Rate (in days) is slow Dry at a slow speed Drying Defects Moderate end spitting Slight end splitting Severe end splitting Severe cupping No twisting or warping Moderate twist/warp Moderate surface checking Moderate cupping Ease of Drying Easy Kiln Drying Rate Slow (18-28 days for boards < 32 mm, to 52-84 days for boards >= 63 mm) Fairly rapid (11-17 days for boards under 32 mm, to 31-51 days for boards greater than 63 mm) Tree Size Tree height is 10-20 m Tree height is 20-30 m Tree height is 30-40 m Comments General finishing qualities are rated as good Boring Easy Cutting Resistance Cutting Resistance with dry wood is easy Gluing Easy to glue Mortising Easy to mortise Finishes well Moulding Easy to mould Good finishing results Movement in Service Medium Nailing Difficult to nail Easy to nail Planing Planes well, to a good finish Difficult to plane Resistance to Impregnation Heartwood is extremely resistant Softwood is resistant Response to Hand Tools Easy to machine Turning Easy to turn Good results Polishing Good results Poor results Strength Properties Shrinkage, Radial = very small Shrinkage, Tangential = small Max. crushing strength = medium Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = low Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low Shrinkage, Tangential = very small Hardness (side grain) = soft Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. Bending strength (MOR) = medium Bending strength (MOR) = low Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Shrinkage, Radial = small Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = high Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 7711 12078 psi Density 37 lbs/ft3 Hardness 995 lbs Impact Strength 28 inches Maximum Crushing Strength 3916 6397 psi Shearing Strength 2365 psi Stiffness 1017 1199 1000 psi Weight 36 29 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 2 % Tangential Shrinkage 5 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 542 849 kg/cm2 Density 592 kg/m3 Hardness 451 kg Impact Strength 71 cm Maximum Crushing Strength 275 449 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 166 kg/cm2 Stiffness 71 84 1000 kg/cm2 Weight 576 464 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 2 % References Battiscombe, E.,1926,A Descriptive Catalogue of some of the Common Trees and Woody Plants of,Kenya Colony,Crown Agents for the Colonies London Bois, P.J.,1966,The Strength Properties of Tanzania Timbers,Tanzania Forest Div. Util. Sec. Moshi Tech. Note, No.35 Bolza, E., Keating, W.G.,1972,African Timbers - the Properties, Uses and Characteristics of 700 Species,C.S.I.R.O. Div. of Building Research Brehme, K.,1964,Timbers of Ethiopia - No.4 Kuso tree (Hagenia abyssinica,Ethiopia Forest Research Institute, Haile Sellassie University, Addis,Ababa Brenan, J.P.M., Greenway, P.J.,1949,Check-lists of the Forest Trees and Shrubs of the British Empire,Imperial Forestry Institute, Oxford No.5 Tanganyika Territories Part 2 Bryce, J.M.,1967,Commercial Timbers of Tanzania,Tanzanian Forestry Division Util. Sec. Moshi Eggeling, W.J.,1940,Indigenous Trees of Uganda,Govt. Printer Entebbe Uganda Forest Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1969,The Movement of Timbers,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough Technical Note,No.38 Grant, D.K.S.,1934,Some Local Timbers,Tanzania Forest Department Logan, W.E.M.,1946,An Introduction to the Forests of Central and Southern Ethiopia,Imperial Forestry Institute, Oxford Paper No.24 Murira, K.,1984,Natural Durability Tests of Tanzanian Timbers 1955 - 1982,Tanzania Forestry Research Institute, Timber Utilisation Research Centre,,Moshi. Patterson, D.N.,1963,The strength of Kenya timbers, their derivation and application,Kenya Forestry Department Research Bulletin,No.23 Takahashi, A.,1978,Compilation of Data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part,III) Africa,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No. 7 Tanzania Forest Department,1963,Hagenia abyssinica,Tanzania Forest Div. Util. Sec. Moshi - Timbers of Tanganyika Tanzania Forest Division,1966,Kiln Drying Schedules for Tanzania Timbers Technical Note no.38,Tanzania Forest Div. Util. Sec. Moshi White, F.,1962,Forest Flora of Northern Rhodesia,O.U.P. London Wimbush, S.H.,1950,Catalogue of Kenya Timbers,Govt. Printer Nairobi Kenya