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Boring Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Drying Defects Ease of Drying Family Name Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Schedules Light-Induced Color Change Luster Natural Durability Numerical Data Planing Polishing References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Sapwood Color Scientific Name Strength Properties Synonyms Texture Trade Name Tree Identification Tree Size Turning		Scientific Name Fagraea fragrans Trade Name Anan Family Name Potaliaceae Synonyms Fagraea cochinchinensis, Fagraea peregrina Common Names Anan, Burman yellowheart, Dolo, Dulo, Kankrao, Lemesu, Meriang, Perepat hutan, Reriang, Sysulin, Tatrau, Tembesoe paja, Tembesoe rawang, Tembesoe renah, Tembusu, Tembusu luar, Tembusu padang, Temesu, Trai, Uling, Urung Regions of Distribution Oceania and S.E. Asia Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Brunei, Burma, Cambodia, Fiji [Polynesia], Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam Common Uses Agricultural implements, Boat building (general), Boxes and crates, Bridge construction, Cabinetmaking, Carvings, Door, Flooring, Flooring: commercial heavy traffic, Furniture, Handles: general, Heavy construction, Joinery, Ladders, Light construction, Marine construction, Mine timbers, Piling, Poles, Posts, Railroad ties, Sporting Goods, Toys, Turnery, Vehicle parts Heartwood Color Yellow Purple Orange Yellow to golden-yellow to orange Pale brown Brown Pale red to pink Dark brown Sapwood Color Paler than heartwood White to yellow Same as heartwood Grain Straight Figure Interlocked Closed Even Distinct (figure) Wavy Other (figure) Straight Interlocked Distinct figure Wavy Other figure Texture Fine Fine to medium Medium to coarse Luster Dull Slightly lustrous Natural Durability Very durable Susceptible to marine borer attack Resistant to attack from termites (Isoptera) Resistant to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera) Pinworms (ambrosia beetles) are commonly present Moderately durable Durable Light-Induced Color Change Darker Kiln Schedules Dry at a slow speed Drying Defects Slight surface checking Moderate surface checking Ease of Drying Difficult Moderate Tree Identification Bole/stem form is not buttressed Bole/stem form is cylindrical Bole/stem form is buttressed Tree Size Bark width is 0-5 mm Bole length is 0-10 m Tree height is 0-10 m Tree height is 10-20 m Tree height is 20-30 m Comments General finishing qualities are rated as good Boring Easy Cutting Resistance Cutting Resistance with dry wood is easy Cutting Resistance with dry wood is difficult Cutting Resistance with green wood is easy Planing Planes well, to a good finish Easy to plane Resistance to Impregnation Heartwood is extremely resistant Response to Hand Tools Easy to machine Difficult to machine Turning Good results Easy to turn Polishing Satisfactory results Strength Properties Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. Shrinkage, Tangential = very small Shrinkage, Radial = very small Density (dry weight) = 53-60 lbs/cu. ft Bending strength (MOR) = high Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = high Max. crushing strength = high Hardness (side grain) = medium Density (dry weight) = 61-67 lbs/cu. ft Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. Shrinkage, Volumetric = small Shrinkage, Tangential = small Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very high Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = high Hardness (side grain) = hard Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 13576 20956 psi Density 50 lbs/ft3 Hardness 1878 lbs Maximum Crushing Strength 6899 9945 psi Shearing Strength 3015 psi Stiffness 2167 2494 1000 psi Weight 49 39 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 2 % Tangential Shrinkage 4 % Volumetric Shrinkage 8 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 954 1473 kg/cm2 Density 801 kg/m3 Hardness 851 kg Maximum Crushing Strength 485 699 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 211 kg/cm2 Stiffness 152 175 1000 kg/cm2 Weight 785 624 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 2 % Tangential Shrinkage 4 % References Aguilar, L.,1941,Relative Durability of Untreated Philippine woods,The Philippine Journal of Forestry 4(3) pp247-56 Browne, F.G.,1955,Forest Trees of Sarawak and Brunei and their Products.,Government Printing Office, Kuching, Sarawak Burgess, P.F.,1966,Timbers of Sabah,Sabah Forest Record, no.6 Carrapiett, J.B.,1960,Notes on ornamental timbers of Burma,Burmese Forester,10(1,pp37-53 Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison. Desch, H.E.,1954,Manual of Malayan Timbers (2 vols,Malayan Forest Records,no.15 Howard, A.L.,1948,A Manual of Timbers of the World.,Macmillan & Co. Ltd. London 3rd ed. Keating, W.G., Bolza, E.,1982,Characteristics properties and uses of timbers. South East Asia, Northern,Australia and the Pacific,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Chemical Technology,Inkata Press,1 Kraemer, J.H.,1951,Trees of the Western Pacific Region,West Lafayette, Indiana U.S.A. Lee, Y.H., et al,1974,Commercial Timbers of Peninsular Malaysia,Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Department of Forestry Peninsular Malaysia and,Malaysian Timber Industry Board Lee, Y.H., Lopez, D.T.,1968,The Machining Properties of some Malayan Timbers,Malayan Forester,3,pp194-210 Pearson, R.S., Brown, H.P.,1932,Commercial Timbers of India,Govt. Printer Calcutta,2 vols Reyes, L.J.,1938,Philippine Woods,Commonwealth of the Philippines Department of Agriculture and Commerce,Technical Bulletin,No.7 Sarawak Forest Department,Trees and Timbers of Sarawak and Brunei,Forest Department, Sarawak Leaflet No.13 Smythies, B.E.,1965,Common Sarawak Trees,Borneo Literature Bureau Sono, P.,1974,Merchantable Timbers of Thailand.,Forest Products Research Division, Royal Forest Department, Bangkok,,Thailand. Thomas, A.V., Pillai, P.K.B.,1954,Shrinkage of Malayan timbers,Malayan Forester 17(4) pp208-9 Thomas, A.V.,1954,Malayan Timbers - Bintangor, geronggang, terentang,Malayan Forest Service Trade Leaflet,no.12 Walker, F.S.,1941,Resistance of Timbers to Marine Borer Attack,Malayan Forester 10(4) pp145-9 Whitmore, T.C.,1973,Tree Flora of Malaya A Manual for Foresters Volume 2,Forest Department Ministry of Primary Industries Malaysia