Clicking any heading in the main data area (at right) will scroll the page back to this top position. Use the following links to jump to the associated section in the main data. Blunting Effect Boring Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Drying Defects Family Name Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Schedules Luster Natural Durability Natural Growth Defects Numerical Data Planing References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Sapwood Color Scientific Name Strength Properties Texture Trade Name Tree Identification		Scientific Name Elateriospermum tapos Trade Name Dungku Family Name Euphorbiaceae Common Names Dungku, Perah Regions of Distribution Oceania and S.E. Asia Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Malaysia Common Uses Flooring, Fuelwood, Handles: general, Heavy construction, Plywood, Posts, Railroad ties, Tool handles Heartwood Color Yellow Brown Orange Purple Pink Red Reddish brown Sapwood Color Brown Yellow Well defined White to yellow Paler than heartwood Grain Straight Interlocked Even Figure Weak (figure) Straight Interlocked Weak figure Texture Fine Fine to medium Luster High Low Natural Growth Defects Yellowish deposits in vessels White deposits in vessels Brittleheart is rare or absent. When present, it is sparse in amount Natural Durability Durable Non durable Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Sapwood is susceptible to wood staining fungal attack Heartwood is susceptible to wood staining fungal attack Susceptible to marine borer attack Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera) Kiln Schedules Drying (speed) is fast Dry at a slow speed Drying Defects Slight twist/warp Slight spring/bow No twisting or warping No cupping, generally Slight surface checking Slight end splitting Slight cupping Moderate end spitting Tree Identification Bole/stem form is misshapen Bole/stem form is fluted Bole/stem form is buttressed Comments General finishing qualities are rated as good Blunting Effect Blunting effect on machining is moderate Boring Difficult Cutting Resistance Cutting Resistance with dry wood is moderate Cutting Resistance with dry wood is difficult Planing Planes well, to a good finish Easy to plane Ease of planing is moderate Resistance to Impregnation Heartwood is permeable Heartwood is extremely resistant Response to Hand Tools Easy to Work Strength Properties Density (dry weight) = 53-60 lbs/cu. ft Shrinkage, Tangential = very small Shrinkage, Radial = very small Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. Density (dry weight) = >75 lbs/cu. ft Density (dry weight) = 67-75 lbs/cu.ft Density (dry weight) = 61-67 lbs/cu. ft Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = low Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = high Max. crushing strength = very high Hardness (side grain) = hard Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Density 55 lbs/ft3 Hardness 2318 lbs Impact Strength 28 inches Maximum Crushing Strength 10035 13590 psi Shearing Strength 2525 psi Weight 54 46 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 2 % Tangential Shrinkage 4 % Item Green Dry Metric Density 881 kg/m3 Hardness 1051 kg Impact Strength 71 cm Maximum Crushing Strength 705 955 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 177 kg/cm2 Weight 865 737 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 2 % References Browne, F.G.,1955,Forest Trees of Sarawak and Brunei and their Products.,Government Printing Office, Kuching, Sarawak Burgess, P.F.,1966,Timbers of Sabah,Sabah Forest Record, no.6 Desch, H.E.,1954,Manual of Malayan Timbers (2 vols,Malayan Forest Records,no.15 Jackson, W.F.,1957,The Durability of Malayan Timbers,Malayan Forester,20,pp38-48 Malaysian Timber Industry Board,1986,100 Malaysian Timbers,The Malaysian Timber Industry Board Thomas, A.V., Browne, F.G.,1950,Notes on Air-Seasoning of Timber in Malaya,Malayan Forester 13(4) pp214-23 Thomas, A.V., Pillai, P.K.B.,1954,Shrinkage of Malayan timbers,Malayan Forester 17(4) pp208-9 Whitmore, T.C.,1973,Tree Flora of Malaya A Manual for Foresters Volume 2,Forest Department Ministry of Primary Industries Malaysia