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Blunting Effect Boring Carving Certified Source Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Distribution Overview Drying Defects Ease of Drying Environmental Profile Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Schedules Luster Mortising Moulding Movement in Service Nailing Natural Durability Numerical Data Odor Painting Planing Polishing Product Sources References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Sanding Sapwood Color Scientific Name Staining Steam Bending Strength Properties Texture Toxicity Trade Name Tree Identification Tree Size Turning Varnishing Veneering Qualities		Scientific Name Aspidosperma megalocarpum Trade Name Peroba rosa Family Name Apocynaceae Common Names Alcarreto, Amarello, Amargosa, Amargoso, Araracanga, Ararauba, Bucheiro, Cainga, Carreto, Chapel, Chaperna, Chichica, Copachi, Gavetillo, Ibira romi, Ibira-romi, Jacamin, Kiantioutiou, Koumanti oudou, Kromanti kopi, Muira-jussara, My lady, Nielillo negro, Palo rosa, Pelmax, Peroba mirim, Peroba rosa, Peroba tremida, Peroba-acu, Peroba-amargosa, Peroba-rajada, Pumaquiro, Quillo caspi, Red peroba, Rosa peroba, Shibadan, Sobro, Volador Regions of Distribution Central America, Latin America Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Argentina, Belize, Brazil, Columbia, El Salvador, French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Paraguay, Venezuela Common Uses Beams, Boat building (general), Building construction, Building materials, Cabinetmaking, Chairs, Chests, Concealed parts (Furniture), Construction, Decorative veneer, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Door, Dowell pins, Dowells, Drawer sides, Exterior uses, Fine furniture, Floor lamps, Flooring, Framing, Fuelwood, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Furniture, Hatracks, Heavy construction, Interior trim, Joinery, Joists, Kitchen cabinets, Light construction, Living-room suites, Mine timbers, Office furniture, Parquet flooring, Plywood, Pulp/Paper products, Pulpwood, Radio - stereo - TV cabinets, Railroad ties, Rustic furniture, Sash, Shipbuilding, Stools, Structural work, Tables , Tool handles, Turnery, Utility furniture, Vats, Vehicle parts, Veneer, Veneer: decorative, Wardrobes Environmental Profile Status has not been officially assessed Distribution Overview A. megalocarpum and A. desmanthum are generally found from Mexico, through Central America and into the the high forests in the lower Amazon on moist soils. Heartwood Color Brown Red Yellow Purple Orange Pink Black Yellow to golden-yellow to orange Red Purple Brown Sometimes has wide rose stripes upon exposure Pink to rose red, with yellow or orange and purple streaks and patches Pink brown with purple veins Pale brown Light pinkish brown or pale yellowish brown or orange pale brown Darkens upon exposure Brownish yellow to dark brown Bright orange red to reddish brown Sapwood Color Yellow White Grey White to yellow Yellowish Not always distinct from heartwood Grayish white or beige Darkens upon exposure Blends into heartwood Grain Straight Figure Closed Even Stripe (figure) Wavy Interlocked Irregular Variable (figure) Straight Wavy Striped figure Variable figure Straight to interlocked Irregular Texture Fine Medium Very fine Even or uniform Fine Uniform Medium Fine to very fine and uniform Fine to medium Luster Low Medium Dull Lustrous Low to medium Natural Durability Susceptible to insect attack Durable Very durable Non-resistant to termites Moderately durable Non-resistant to powder post beetles Resistant to powder post beetles Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera) Very durable Pinworms (ambrosia beetles) are commonly present Durable Moderately durable Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Vulnerable to dry-wood termites Resistant to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Resistant to attack by decay causing organisms Heartwood has moderate natural resistance to decay Wood from Brazil is reported to last from 10 to 11 years as untreated railroad sleepers Odor Has a taste No specific smell or taste No specific odor Bitter taste Toxicity Some toxic effects Dermatitic effects Respiratory effects Kiln Schedules UK=E US=T6D2/T3D1 Fr=5 T7-B3 (4/4) US T6-D4(4/4);T3-D1(8/4) US Schedule E; United Kingdom Suggested kiln schedule for species from Surinam Drying Defects Checking Splitting Distortion Collapse Slight surface checking Slight end splitting Moderate surface checking Slight checking and moderate distortion may occur during kiln-drying Moderate twist/warp Moderate end spitting End-checking, surface-checking, distortion and collapse are common defects Ease of Drying Thick Stock Requires Care Rapidly Medium to High Shrinkage Moderately Difficult to Difficult Requires care in drying Rather large shrinkage Moderate drying rate is recommended Dries rapidly but requires care to minimize degrade Tree Identification Bole/stem form is straight Tree Size Tree height is 30-40 m Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm Trunk diameter is 150-200 cm Tree height is 20-30 m Tree height is 10-20 m Bole length is 20-30 m Tree height is 40-50 m Bole length is 10-20 m Bole length is 30-40 m Boles are usually straight and cylindrical, and are free of branches to about two-thirds of the tree height. Product Sources The ITTO reports that timber from this species is produced at low but regular rate. Export potential is rated as fair. Certified Source Certified Source Comments General finishing qualities are rated as good Staining and corrosive materials are present in the wood, but they can be controlled Blunting Effect Moderate Little Blunting effect on machining is moderate Blunting effect on sawing dry wood is moderate Blunting effect on machining is slight Moderate blunting effect on cutting edges Medium blunting effect on cuttin tools Boring Fairly easy to very easy Fair to good results Fair results End-grain material should be supported at tool-exits Carving Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Good carving characteristics Cutting Resistance Easy to saw Small resistance to sawing Responds very well to cutting Cutting Resistance with dry wood is easy Gluing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Easy to glue Satisfactory gluing properties Moderate gluing properties Good gluing properties Mortising Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Support material during mortising to prevent break out. Good mortising properties Moulding Fairly Easy to Very Easy Very easy to accomplish moulding or shaping Movement in Service Fair to Good Stability - Medium Movement Moderate dimensional stability after seasoning Medium movement in use Nailing Pre-Boring Recommended Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Pre-boring recommended Nails without pre-boring Accepts thin nails well Planing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Ease of planing is moderate Straight-Grained material works easily Planes easily and worked surfaces are clean and smooth 20 degree cutting angle is recommended for smooth planed surfaces due to irregular grain Resistance to Impregnation Resistant heartwood Resistant sapwood Permeable sapwood Heartwood is extremely resistant Sapwood is permeable Sapwood is treatable Response to preservative treatment is reported to vary, but it is generally low Response to Hand Tools Easy to Work Responds Readily Fairly Difficult to Difficult to Work Easy to machine Moderate working qualities Works easily with hand tools Responds well to hand tools Sanding Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Satisfactory sanding properties Turning Fairly Easy to Very Easy Very easy to turn Veneering Qualities Veneers easily Suitable for peeling Suitable for slicing Veneers moderately easy Easy to cut Sliced into highly attractive decorative veneers for paneling and marquetry Steam Bending Unsuitable Generally unsuitable for steam bending Painting Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Satisfactory results Satisfactory painting properties Polishing Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Satisfactory results Good results Finishes smoothly Excellent polishing characteristics Staining Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Finish is generally satisfactory Stains well Varnishing Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Takes varnishes satisfactorily Strength Properties Bending strength (MOR) = medium Max. crushing strength = high Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Hardness (side grain) = medium Bending strength (MOR) = high Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Shrinkage, Radial = small Max. crushing strength = medium Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Shrinkage, Volumetric = fairly large Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = high Hard Shrinkage, Volumetric = moderate Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium Hardness (side grain) = hard Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. Very heavy Very dense Shrinkage, Tangential = small Shrinkage, Tangential = large Shrinkage, Radial = very small Shrinkage, Radial = large Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very high Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low Max. crushing strength = very high Heavy Hardness (side grain) = soft Does not marr or dent easily Density (dry weight) = 53-60 lbs/cu. ft Compression strength (parallel to grain) = high Bending strength (MOR) = very high Bending strength (MOR) = low The species is considerably stronger than White oak or Teak. It is hard - harder than Teak, Wood produced by Peroba rosa is described as hard and heavy, and is one of the highly important and general utility timbers in Brazil. It is sometimes brittle, and grain type tends to affect some strength properties, such as shock resistance which is considerably reduced in the presence of cross grain. Peroba rosa is comparable to the N. American oaks (Quercus ) in strength properties. Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 12303 16098 psi Crushing Strength 1029 1401 psi Density 49 lbs/ft3 Hardness 1853 lbs Impact Strength 35 inches Maximum Crushing Strength 6238 9896 psi Shearing Strength 2489 psi Static Bending 10163 17895 psi Stiffness 1577 1720 1000 psi Toughness 150 inch-lbs Work to Maximum Load 10 11 inch-lbs/in3 Specific Gravity 0.63 0.76 Weight 53 48 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 4 % Tangential Shrinkage 7 % Volumetric Shrinkage 14 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 865 1131 kg/cm2 Crushing Strength 72 98 kg/cm2 Density 785 kg/m3 Hardness 840 kg Impact Strength 88 cm Maximum Crushing Strength 438 695 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 174 kg/cm2 Static Bending 714 1258 kg/cm2 Stiffness 110 120 1000 kg/cm2 Toughness 172 cm-kg Work to Maximum Load 0.70 0.77 cm-kg/cm3 Specific Gravity 0.63 0.76 Weight 849 769 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 4 % Tangential Shrinkage 7 % References Berni, C.A., Bolza, E., Christensen, F.J.,1979,South American Timbers - The Characteristics, Properties and Uses of 190,Species,C.S.I.R.O Div. Building Research Bolza, E.,1976,Timber and Health,Div. Building Res. C.S.I.R.O. Australia Boone, R.S., C.J. Kozlik, P.J. Bois, E.M. Wengert. 1988. Dry Kiln Schedules for Commercial Hardwoods -Temperate and Tropical. USDA, Forest Service, General Technical Report FPL-GTR-57, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin. Brown, W.H.,1969,Properties and uses of Tropical hardwoods in the United Kingdom. Part 1,Nonstructural properties and uses.,Conference on Tropical hardwoods SC-5/TN-5, Syracuse University Brown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 2 South America,TRADA, Red Booklet Series Celulosa Argentina,1973,Libro del Arbol,Celulosa Argentina Buenos Aires 3 Vols Chichignoud, M., G. Deon, P. Detienne, B. Parant and P. Vantomme. 1990. Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America. International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO, Centre Technique Forestier Tropical, Division of CIRAD, 45 bis Avenue de la Belle Gabrielle, Nogent-sur-Marne, CEDEX, France. Chichignoud, M., G. Deon, P. Detienne, B. Parant and P. Vantomme. 1990. Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America. International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO, Centre Technique Forestier Tropical, Division of CIRAD, 45 bis, Avenue de la Belle Gabrielle, Nogent-sur-marne, CEDEX, France. Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison. Erfurth, T., Rusche, H.,1976,The Marketing of Tropical Wood B. Wood Species from S. American Tropical,Moist Forests,F.A.O. Forestry Department Farmer, R.H.,1972,Handbook of Hardwoods,HMSO Forest Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1943,Foreign Timbers 4 - Notes on Peroba rosa (Aspidosperma polyneuron) and,Mandioqueira (Qualea Spp.,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough,Leaflet No.32 Forests Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1956,A Handbook of Hardwoods,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Department of,Science and Industrial Research, Building Research Establishment France - C.T.F.T.,1973,Investigations and Tests carried out on Tropical Timber by several,Research Laboratories,CTFT Hartwig, G.L.F.,1966,Flooring Timbers in South Africa - Aspidosperma peroba,South African Builder 44(7) pp34 HMSO. 1981. Handbook of Hardwoods, 2nd Edition. revised by R.H. Farmer. Department of the Environment, Building Research Establishment, Princes Risborough Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire. Howard, A.L.,1948,A Manual of Timbers of the World.,Macmillan & Co. Ltd. London 3rd ed. Kline, M. 1977. Aspidosperma peroba - Pink peroba. In A Guide to Useful Woods of the World, Flynn Jr., J.H., Editor. King Philip Publishing Co., Portland, Maine. 1994. Page 51-52. Kloot, N. H. and E. Bolza. 1961. Properties of Timbers Imported into Australia. Technological Paper No. 12. Division of Forest Products, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Organization, Melbourne, Australia. Kloot, N.H., Bolza, E.,1961,Properties of Timbers Imported into Australia,C.S.I.R.O. Forest Products Division Technological Paper,No.12 Kribs, D.A.,1950,Commercial and Foreign Woods on the American Market (a manual to their,structure, identification, uses and distribution,U.S.A. Penn. State College, Tropical Woods Laboratory Kukachka, B.F.,1970,Properties of Imported Tropical Woods,Forest Research Paper FPL 125 Latham, J.,1942,Strength Tests of Peroba rosa (Aspidosperma polyreuron,Wood 7(5) pp95-6 Lavers, G.M. 1966. The Strength Properties of Timbers. Forest Products Research Bulletin, No. 50. Ministry of Technology, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London. Lincoln, W.A. 1986. World Woods in Color. Linden Publishing Co. Inc., Fresno, California. Mainieri, C., Pereira, J.A.,1965,Madeiras do Brasil,Anuario Brasileiro de Economia Florestal,17(17,PP135-416 Mainieri, C.,1978,Fichas de Caracteristicas das Madeiras Brasileiras,Inst. Pesquisas Technologicas Record, S.J., Hess, R.W.,1943,Timbers of the New World,Yale University Press Record, S.J., Mell, C.D.,1924,Timbers of Tropical America,Yale Univ. Press Rendle, B.J.,1969,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Ernest Benn Ltd. London Rizzini, C.T.,1978,Arvores e Madeiras Uteis do Brasil: Manual de Dendrologia Brasileira,Editora Edgard Blucher LTDA Brazil Sao Paulo - Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnologicas,1956,Tabelas de Resultados obtidos para Madeiras Nacionais,Inst. Pesq. Tec. Sao Paulo, Brazil Bol., No.31(2nd Ed.) Scott, M.H.,1953,Utilisation Notes on South African Timbers,South African Forestry Department Bulletin No.36 Simpson, W.T. and J.A. Sagoe. 1991. Relative Drying Times of 650 Tropical Woods : Estimation by Green Moisture Content, Specific Gravity, and Green Weight Density. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA, Forest Service, General Technical Report FPL-GTR-71, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin. Takahashi, A.,1975,Compilation of data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part 2,Central and South America,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No.4 Timber Development Association Ltd.,1955,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Timber Development Association Ltd. Tortorelli, L.,1956,Maderas y Bosques Argentinos,Editorial Acme S.A.C.I. Buenos Aires USDA. 1987. Wood Handbook - Wood as an Engineering Material. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Agriculture Handbook No. 72, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin. Wangaard, F.F., W.L. Stern, and S.L. Goodrich. 1955. Tropical Woods - Properties and Uses of Tropical Woods, Volume V, No. 103. School of Forestry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut. Woods, R.P.,1949,Timbers of South America,TRADA, Red Booklet Series Wood, B., Calnan, D.,1976,Toxic Woods,British Journal of Dermat 94 Suppl. 13