Clicking any heading in the main data area (at right) will scroll the page back to this top position. Use the following links to jump to the associated section in the main data. Blunting Effect Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Drying Defects Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Schedules Luster Mortising Moulding Movement in Service Nailing Natural Durability Natural Growth Defects Numerical Data Painting Planing Polishing References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Resistance to Splitting Response to Hand Tools Sapwood Color Scientific Name Staining Steam Bending Strength Properties Texture Trade Name Tree Identification Tree Size Veneering Qualities		Scientific Name Catostemma commune Trade Name Baraman Family Name Bombacaceae Common Names Baraman, Baramanni, Baromalli, Common baromalli, Flambeau rouge Regions of Distribution Latin America Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] French Guiana, Guyana, Venezuela Common Uses Boxes and crates, Cooperages, Flooring, Furniture, Light construction, Plywood, Pulp/Paper products, Sporting Goods, Tool handles Heartwood Color Brown Yellow Red Orange Yellow to golden-yellow to orange Brown Pale red to pink Pale brown Greenish to greyish Sapwood Color White Yellow Paler than heartwood White to yellow Grain Straight Even Straight Figure shows rays Texture Fine Coarse Luster Dull Natural Growth Defects Gum/resin streaks Natural Durability Moderately durable Resistant to marine borers Susceptible to insect attack Resistant to powder post beetles Non durable Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera) Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Perishable Kiln Schedules Dry at a slow speed UK=J US=T10D5S/T8D4S Fr=4 UK=E US=T6D2/T3D1 Fr=5 Drying Defects Slight surface checking Slight end splitting Tree Identification Bole/stem form is not buttressed Bole/stem form is cylindrical Tree Size Tree height is 10-20 m Tree height is 0-10 m Bole length is 0-10 m Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm Comments General finishing qualities are rated as good Blunting Effect Blunting effect on machining is moderate Blunting effect on machining is slight Cutting Resistance Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw Gluing Easy to glue Mortising Moderately easy to mortise Moulding Moulding ease is moderate Movement in Service Excellent Stability - Small Movement Nailing Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Easy to nail Holds nails well Planing Very Good to Excellent Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Ease of planing is moderate Resistance to Impregnation Resistant heartwood Resistant sapwood Heartwood is permeable Resistance to Splitting Good Response to Hand Tools Easy to Work Easy to machine Difficult to machine Veneering Qualities No drying degrade. Dries flat without splitting Moderately easy to veneer Steam Bending Very poor Painting Good results Polishing Fair to Good Results Satisfactory results Staining Finish is generally satisfactory Strength Properties Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. Shrinkage, Tangential = large Bending strength (MOR) = low Shrinkage, Radial = large Max. crushing strength = medium Hardness (side grain) = very soft Work to Maximum Load = very low Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = low Toughness (total work) = low Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Bending strength (MOR) = medium Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 6911 10833 psi Density 35 lbs/ft3 Hardness 319 lbs Impact Strength 28 inches Maximum Crushing Strength 3916 6397 psi Shearing Strength 1221 psi Stiffness 1511 1745 1000 psi Toughness 167 inch-lbs Work to Maximum Load 5 7 inch-lbs/in3 Weight 34 27 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 5 % Tangential Shrinkage 10 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 485 761 kg/cm2 Density 560 kg/m3 Hardness 144 kg Impact Strength 71 cm Maximum Crushing Strength 275 449 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 85 kg/cm2 Stiffness 106 122 1000 kg/cm2 Toughness 192 cm-kg Work to Maximum Load 0.35 0.49 cm-kg/cm3 Weight 544 432 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 5 % References Brown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 2 South America,TRADA, Red Booklet Series Erfurth, T., Rusche, H.,1976,The Marketing of Tropical Wood B. Wood Species from S. American Tropical,Moist Forests,F.A.O. Forestry Department Fanshawe, D.B.,1954,Forest Products of British Guiana Part 1 Principal Timbers,Forest Department British Guiana Forestry Bulletin (New Series 2nd,Edition,No.1 Forests Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1956,A Handbook of Hardwoods,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Department of,Science and Industrial Research, Building Research Establishment France - C.T.F.T.,1973,Investigations and Tests carried out on Tropical Timber by several,Research Laboratories,CTFT I.U.F.R.O.,1973,Veneer Species of the World,Assembled at F.P.L. Madison on behalf of I.U.F.R.O. Working Party on,Slicing and Veneer Cutting Lavers, G.M.,1983,The Strength Properties of Timber (3rd ed. revised Moore G.L.,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Building Research,Establishment Report (formerly Bulletin No.50) Longwood, F.R.,1962,Commercial Timbers of the Caribbean,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook,No.207 Takahashi, A.,1975,Compilation of data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part 2,Central and South America,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No.4