Clicking any heading in the main data area (at right) will scroll the page back to this top position. Use the following links to jump to the associated section in the main data. Boring Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Ease of Drying Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Mortising Nailing Natural Durability Numerical Data Planing Polishing References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Sanding Sapwood Color Scientific Name Steam Bending Strength Properties Texture Trade Name Tree Size Turning Varnishing		Scientific Name Broussonetia papyrifera Trade Name Broussonet Family Name Moraceae Common Names Broussonet, Malaing, Thale, The paper mulberry Regions of Distribution Oceania and S.E. Asia Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Australia, Burma, China, India, Japan, Korea-North, Korea-South, Malaysia, Thailand Common Uses Fuelwood, Pulp/Paper products Heartwood Color Yellow Brown Orange White Red Green/grey Pale brown Greenish to greyish Sapwood Color White Yellow Brown Red Paler than heartwood Grain Figure Growth rings (figure) Distinct (figure) Distinct figure Clear growth rings (figure) Texture Medium Fine Natural Durability Non-durable Perishable Susceptible to insect attack Non-resistant to powder post beetles Non-resistant to termites Ease of Drying Fairly Easy Tree Size Tree height is 10-20 m Tree height is 20-30 m Bole length is 0-10 m Bole length is 10-20 m Tree height is 40-50 m Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm Boring Fairly easy to very easy Cutting Resistance Easy to saw Gluing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Mortising Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Nailing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Planing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Resistance to Impregnation Resistant sapwood Resistant heartwood Response to Hand Tools Easy to Work Sanding Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Turning Fairly Easy to Very Easy Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Steam Bending Very Good to Excellent Results Polishing Fair to Good Results Varnishing Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Strength Properties Max. crushing strength = low Bending strength (MOR) = low Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low Hardness (side grain) = very soft Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = very low Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = low Shrinkage, Volumetric = small Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 6111 9589 psi Hardness 319 lbs Impact Strength 22 inches Maximum Crushing Strength 2139 3916 psi Shearing Strength 882 psi Stiffness 1131 1321 1000 psi Radial Shrinkage 4 % Tangential Shrinkage 7 % Volumetric Shrinkage 8 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 429 674 kg/cm2 Hardness 144 kg Impact Strength 55 cm Maximum Crushing Strength 150 275 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 62 kg/cm2 Stiffness 79 92 1000 kg/cm2 Radial Shrinkage 4 % Tangential Shrinkage 7 % References Bhat, R.V., Guha, S.R.D.,Indigenous cellulosic raw materials for the production of pulp, paper and,board. Part VI - writing and printing papers from paper mulberry,(Broussonetia papyrifera,Indian Forest Bulletin 156 E.H. Walker,1954,Important Trees of the Ryukyu Islands,United States Civil Administration of the Ryukyu Islands Special Bulletin,No. 3 Gamble, J.S.,1902,A Manual of Indian Timbers,Sampson Low, Marston & Co. London Gulati, et al, A.S.,1981,A note on the physical and mechanical properties of Broussonetia paprifera,from New Forest, Dehra Dun,Indian Journal of Forestry 4(1) pp37-42