Clicking any heading in the main data area (at right) will scroll the page back to this top position. Use the following links to jump to the associated section in the main data. Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Drying Defects Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Schedules Nailing Natural Durability Numerical Data Planing References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Routing & Recessing Sapwood Color Scientific Name Screwing Staining Strength Properties Synonyms Texture Trade Name Tree Identification Tree Size Turning Veneering Qualities		Scientific Name Ackama paniculata Trade Name Brown alder Family Name Cunoniaceae Synonyms Ackama muelleri Common Names Brown alder, Corkwood, Pencil cedar, Rose alder, Rose-leaf marara, Sugar bark Regions of Distribution North America, Oceania and S.E. Asia Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Australia, United States Common Uses Boxes and crates, Brush backs & handles, Cabinetmaking, Flooring, Flooring: industrial heavy traffic, Furniture, Heavy construction, Joinery, Light construction, Millwork, Paneling, Plywood, Plywood: veneer (marine), Turnery, Veneer: decorative Heartwood Color Red Brown Pink Pale red to pink Reddish brown Dark brown Brown Sapwood Color White Yellow Grain Straight Even Weak (figure) Figure Interlocked Straight Weak figure Interlocked Texture Medium Fine Natural Durability Perishable Non-durable Susceptible to insect attack Non-resistant to termites Non-resistant to marine borers Non-resistant to powder post beetles Non durable Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Heartwood is fairly resistant to termites and other insects Kiln Schedules Dry at a slow speed Drying Defects Moderate twist/warp Slight surface checking No surface checking Moderate collapse and honeycombing Tree Identification Bole/stem form is buttressed Tree Size Tree height is 10-20 m Tree height is 20-30 m Tree height is 0-10 m Tree height is 30-40 m Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm Comments General finishing qualities are rated as good Cutting Resistance Cutting Resistance with dry wood is easy Gluing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Nailing Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Holds nails well Easy to nail Planing Easy to plane Resistance to Impregnation Sapwood is permeable Heartwood is extremely resistant Response to Hand Tools Easy to machine Moderate working qualities Routing & Recessing Routing is difficult Screwing Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Turning Easy to turn Veneering Qualities Suitable for peeling Veneers moderately easy Difficult to veneer Veneers easily Suitable for slicing There is slight to moderate drying degrade and the potential for buckles and splits No drying degrade. Dries flat without splitting Moderately easy to veneer Staining Finish is generally satisfactory Strength Properties Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Max. crushing strength = medium Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. Bending strength (MOR) = low Shrinkage, Tangential = large Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Shrinkage, Radial = large Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 6111 9589 psi Density 34 lbs/ft3 Maximum Crushing Strength 3916 6397 psi Stiffness 1358 1568 1000 psi Weight 33 26 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 5 % Tangential Shrinkage 9 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 429 674 kg/cm2 Density 544 kg/m3 Maximum Crushing Strength 275 449 kg/cm2 Stiffness 95 110 1000 kg/cm2 Weight 528 416 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 5 % References Anderson, R.H.,1947,The Trees of New South Wales,New South Wales Department of Agriculture Australia - N.S.W. Forestry Commission,1968,Working Properties of some Native and Imported Timbers,Forestry Commission of New South Wales, Technical Publication No.8 Australia - N.S.W. Forestry Commission,1988,Furniture Timbers of New South Wales,Forest Commission, N.S.W., Aust. Tech. Publication No.1 Boas, I.H.,1947,The Commercial Timbers of Australia - Their Properties and Uses,Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Melbourne Bootle, K.R.,1971,The Commercial Timbers of New South Wales and their use,Angus & Robertson (publishers) PTY Ltd Forestry Commission of New South Wales,1987,Timbers used in New South Wales for Domestic Buildings,Forestry Commission of New South Wales, Technical Publication No.6 Francis, W.D.,1951,Australian Rain-forest Trees,Commonwealth of Australia - Forestry and Timber Bureau I.U.F.R.O.,1973,Veneer Species of the World,Assembled at F.P.L. Madison on behalf of I.U.F.R.O. Working Party on,Slicing and Veneer Cutting The Australian Timber Journal & Building Products, Merchandiser,1969,Timber Durability and Preservation,Supplement to Australian Timber Journal 35(4) Tech. Timb. Guide No.8