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Boring Carving Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Drying Defects Ease of Drying Environmental Profile Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Schedules Luster Mortising Moulding Movement in Service Nailing Natural Durability Numerical Data Planing Polishing References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Resistance to Splitting Response to Hand Tools Routing & Recessing Sapwood Color Scientific Name Screwing Staining Strength Properties Synonyms Texture Trade Name Tree Identification Tree Size Turning Varnishing Veneering Qualities		Scientific Name Virola melinonii Trade Name Baboen Family Name Myristicaceae Synonyms Virola michelii Common Names Baboen, Baboenhout, Banak, Becuiba, Bouchi moulomba, Camaticaro virola, Dalli, Hill dalli, Hoogland baboen, Hooglandboen, Irikwa, Matou moulomba, Mattoe moenba, Pintri, Pintrie, Ucuhuba, Ucuuba, Ucuuba preta, Yayamadou, Yayamadou grand bois, Yayamadou montagne Regions of Distribution Central America, Latin America Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Honduras, Suriname Common Uses Boxes and crates, Cabinetmaking, Coffins, Concrete formwork, Cooperages, Food containers, Furniture, Matches, Millwork, Particleboard, Plywood corestock, Plywood, Veneer Environmental Profile Vulnerable Heartwood Color Yellow Brown Green White Pale brown White to cream Sapwood Color Brown Yellow Color not distinct from heartwood Pale pink Grain Straight Interlocked Even Figure Rays (figure) Straight Interlocked Rays figure Texture Fine Medium Medium to coarse Fine to medium Luster Medium Low Pronounced Natural Durability Very durable Non-resistant to marine borers Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Non durable Heartwood susceptible to attack by decay fungi Sapwood is susceptible to wood staining fungal attack Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera) Pinworms (ambrosia beetles) may be present in the felled log Perishable Kiln Schedules Drying (speed) is fast Uk=H US=T10D4S/T8D3S Fr=7 Dry at a moderate speed Drying Defects Checking Slight surface checking Slight end splitting Slight spring/bow Moderate twist/warp Drying degrade from spring and bow is often moderate Ease of Drying Reconditioning Treatement Fairly Easy Little degrade Moderate Difficult Tree Identification Bole/stem form is buttressed Bole/stem form is straight Bole/stem form is cylindrical Tree Size Tree height is 30-40 m Trunk diameter is 200-250 cm Comments General finishing qualities are rated as good Boring Fairly easy to very easy Fair to good results Carving Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Cutting Resistance Easy to saw Cutting Resistance with green wood is easy Gluing Easy to glue Mortising Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Moulding Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Satisfactory moulding results Movement in Service Fair to Good Stability - Medium Movement Excellent Stability - Small Movement Not stable/prone to move Nailing Easy to nail Planing Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Planes to a satisfactory finish Resistance to Impregnation Heartwood is permeable Resistance to Splitting Good Response to Hand Tools Responds Readily Easy to Work Easy to machine Routing & Recessing Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Screwing Easy to screw Turning Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Veneering Qualities Suitable for peeling Moderately easy to veneer Good gluing qualities Easy to cut Drying degrade is often moderate to severe, with collapse, buckles, and splilts Bolt preparation requires steaming Polishing Satisfactory results Good results Staining Finish is generally good Varnishing Satisfactory Good results Strength Properties Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. Max. crushing strength = medium Crushing strength = medium Bending strength (MOR) = low Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium Hardness (side grain) = very soft Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. Density (dry weight) = 23-30 lbs/cu. ft. Shrinkage, Tangential = large Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low Work to Maximum Load = very low Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Bending strength (MOR) = medium Shrinkage, Radial = large Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 6823 10695 psi Density 32 lbs/ft3 Hardness 319 lbs Maximum Crushing Strength 3916 6397 psi Shearing Strength 978 psi Stiffness 1388 1612 1000 psi Work to Maximum Load 5 7 inch-lbs/in3 Weight 31 25 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 5 % Tangential Shrinkage 10 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 479 751 kg/cm2 Density 512 kg/m3 Hardness 144 kg Maximum Crushing Strength 275 449 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 68 kg/cm2 Stiffness 97 113 1000 kg/cm2 Work to Maximum Load 0.35 0.49 cm-kg/cm3 Weight 496 400 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 5 % References Berni, C.A., Bolza, E., Christensen, F.J.,1979,South American Timbers - The Characteristics, Properties and Uses of 190,Species,C.S.I.R.O Div. Building Research Bois et Forets des Tropiques,1984,Yayamadou montagne - Virola melinonii (R.Ben) A.C. Smith,Bois et Forets des Tropiques Vol. 203 p.62 Brown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 2 South America,TRADA, Red Booklet Series Erfurth, T., Rusche, H.,1976,The Marketing of Tropical Wood B. Wood Species from S. American Tropical,Moist Forests,F.A.O. Forestry Department France - C.T.F.T./C.T.B.,1982,Guide pour le Choix des Essences Deroulables-pour la fabrication du,contreplaque,C.T.F.T./C.T.B. France Polak, A.M.,1992,Major Timber Trees of Guyana A Field Guide,The Tropenbos Foundation Wageningen, The Netherlands Takahashi, A.,1975,Compilation of data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part 2,Central and South America,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No.4 Vink, A.T.,1965,Surinam Timbers,Surinam Forest Service Paramaribo,3rd rev. ed. Wangaard, F.F., W.L. Stern, and S.L. Goodrich. 1955. Tropical Woods - Properties and Uses of Tropical Woods, Volume V, No. 103. School of Forestry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.