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Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Ease of Drying Family Name Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Drying Rate Kiln Schedules Luster Natural Durability Numerical Data Planing Polishing References Regions of Distribution Response to Hand Tools Sapwood Color Scientific Name Strength Properties Synonyms Texture Toxicity Trade Name Tree Size		Scientific Name Apuleia leiocarpa Trade Name Amarelinno Family Name Leguminosae Synonyms Apuleia praecox Common Names Amarelinno, Amarello, Barajuba, Garapa, Garapa amarela, Garapa amarella, Gema-de-ovo, Grapia, Grapiapuna, Grapiapunha, Grapiapunha branca, Grapiapunna, Ibira piapuna, Ibira-pere, Jatai-amarelo, Jutahy, Madera manchada, Muirajuba, Muirataua, Pau cetim, Pau mulato, Puna, Ybere-pere Regions of Distribution Latin America Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Argentina, Brazil, Peru, Venezuela Common Uses Agricultural implements, Boat building: framing, Boxes and crates, Canoes, Cooperages, Flooring: industrial heavy traffic, Furniture, Heavy construction, Joinery, Light construction, Poles, Posts, Railroad ties, Structural work, Tool handles, Turnery, Vehicle parts Heartwood Color Red Yellow Brown Pink Orange Yellow to golden-yellow to orange Pale red to pink Pale brown Sapwood Color White Yellow White to yellow Grain Straight Figure Other (figure) Even Interlocked Straight Other figure Interlocked Figure shows patterns other than those generally described Texture Fine Medium Fine Medium Luster Medium Lustrous Natural Durability Durable Moderately durable Non-resistant to termites Susceptible to insect attack Durable Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera) Moderately durable Toxicity Some toxic effects Dermatitic effects Kiln Schedules Dry at a slow speed Ease of Drying Slowly Kiln Drying Rate Naturally dries slowly Tree Size Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm Tree height is 20-30 m Bole length is 10-20 m Tree height is 30-40 m Sapwood width is 0-5 cm Tree height is 40-50 m Bark width is 0-5 mm Planing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Planes well, to a good finish Easy to plane Response to Hand Tools Easy to Work Fairly Difficult to Difficult to Work Easy to machine Difficult to machine Polishing Fair to Good Results Satisfactory results Strength Properties Bending strength (MOR) = high Max. crushing strength = high Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Shrinkage, Volumetric = fairly large Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = high Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = high Hardness (side grain) = medium Density (dry weight) = 53-60 lbs/cu. ft Max. crushing strength = medium Density (dry weight) = 61-67 lbs/cu. ft Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. Shrinkage, Volumetric = moderate Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Shrinkage, Radial = small Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium Bending strength (MOR) = medium Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 12966 20043 psi Density 55 lbs/ft3 Hardness 1658 lbs Maximum Crushing Strength 6047 8931 psi Shearing Strength 2847 psi Stiffness 2041 2351 1000 psi Weight 54 43 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 4 % Tangential Shrinkage 8 % Volumetric Shrinkage 12 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 911 1409 kg/cm2 Density 881 kg/m3 Hardness 752 kg Maximum Crushing Strength 425 627 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 200 kg/cm2 Stiffness 143 165 1000 kg/cm2 Weight 865 689 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 4 % Tangential Shrinkage 8 % References Brown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 2 South America,TRADA, Red Booklet Series Celulosa Argentina,1973,Libro del Arbol,Celulosa Argentina Buenos Aires 3 Vols Harrar, E.S.,1942,Some Physical Properties of Modern Cabinet Woods 3. Directional and Volume,Shrinkage,Tropical Woods,9(71, pp26-32 Howard, A.L.,1948,A Manual of Timbers of the World.,Macmillan & Co. Ltd. London 3rd ed. Mainieri, C., Pereira, J.A.,1965,Madeiras do Brasil,Anuario Brasileiro de Economia Florestal,17(17,PP135-416 Mainieri, C.,1970,Madeiras Brasilieras,Sao Paulo Secretaria da Agricultra, Institulo Florestral Mainieri, C.,1978,Fichas de Caracteristicas das Madeiras Brasileiras,Inst. Pesquisas Technologicas Record, S.J., Hess, R.W.,1943,Timbers of the New World,Yale University Press Record, S.J., Mell, C.D.,1924,Timbers of Tropical America,Yale Univ. Press Reyes, L.J.,1938,Philippine Woods,Commonwealth of the Philippines Department of Agriculture and Commerce,Technical Bulletin,No.7 Rizzini, C.T.,1978,Arvores e Madeiras Uteis do Brasil: Manual de Dendrologia Brasileira,Editora Edgard Blucher LTDA Brazil Sao Paulo - Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnologicas,1956,Tabelas de Resultados obtidos para Madeiras Nacionais,Inst. Pesq. Tec. Sao Paulo, Brazil Bol., No.31(2nd Ed.) Tortorelli, L.,1956,Maderas y Bosques Argentinos,Editorial Acme S.A.C.I. Buenos Aires Tropical Woods,1968,Madeiras Comercias Brasileiras,Inst. Pesq. Tec. Sao Paulo Brazil Publ.,857 Wood, B., Calnan, D.,1976,Toxic Woods,British Journal of Dermat 94 Suppl. 13