Clicking any heading in the main data area (at right) will scroll the page back to this top position. Use the following links to jump to the associated section in the main data. Blunting Effect Boring Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Drying Defects Ease of Drying Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Schedules Luster Mortising Moulding Movement in Service Nailing Natural Durability Numerical Data Planing Polishing References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Sapwood Color Scientific Name Screwing Staining Strength Properties Synonyms Texture Trade Name Tree Identification Tree Size Turning Varnishing Veneering Qualities		Scientific Name Vatica cinerea Trade Name Charamas tuk Family Name Dipterocarpaceae Synonyms Synaptea cinerea, Synaptea lancaviensis, Vatica astrotricha, Vatica harmandiana, Vatica lankaviensis, Vatica subglabra Common Names Charamas tuk, Chramas, Chramas sopheas, Chramas tuk, Dam dang, Dang, Lau tau giam, Lau tau nui, Lau tau trang, Phan cham, Phancham, Pinang baik, Resak, Resak laut, Sak don, Sak khao, Sak nam, Sak-hin, Si, Teng dong, Tra lac, Tralac, Tralac mosau, Tralac tuk Regions of Distribution Oceania and S.E. Asia Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Burma, Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam Common Uses Flooring, Heavy construction, Light construction, Marine construction, Piling, Railroad ties Heartwood Color Red White Green/grey Brown Pink Yellow to golden-yellow to orange Reddish brown Pale brown Brown Sapwood Color White Red Yellow Well defined White to yellow Paler than heartwood Grain Even Figure Interlocked Straight Distinct (figure) Straight Interlocked Distinct figure Texture Medium Coarse Fine Luster Medium High Low Natural Durability Susceptible to insect attack Perishable Non-durable Non-resistant to powder post beetles Non-resistant to termites Durable Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera) Resistant to wood staining fungal attack Resistant to attack from pinworms (ambrosia beetles) Non durable Kiln Schedules Dry at a slow speed Drying Defects Internal Honeycombing Possible Collapse Distortion Ease of Drying Fairly Easy Moderately Difficult to Difficult Tree Identification Bole/stem form is buttressed Tree Size Bole length is 20-30 m Bole length is 10-20 m Tree height is 20-30 m Tree height is 30-40 m Tree height is 40-50 m Blunting Effect Blunting effect on machining is fairly severe Boring Fair to good results Fairly easy to very easy Easy Cutting Resistance Easy to saw Cutting Resistance with dry wood is difficult Gluing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Mortising Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Fairly Easy to Very Easy Moulding Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Fairly Easy to Very Easy Movement in Service Unstable with Poor Stability - Large Movement Nailing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Planing Very Good to Excellent Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Planes well, to a good finish Resistance to Impregnation Permeable heartwood Permeable sapwood Response to Hand Tools Easy to Work Easy to machine Difficult to machine Screwing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Turning Fair to Good Results Veneering Qualities Veneers easily Veneers moderately easy Suitable for peeling Polishing Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Satisfactory results Staining Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Varnishing Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Very Good to Excellent Results Strength Properties Density (dry weight) = 67-75 lbs/cu. ft Density (dry weight) = 61-67 lbs/cu.ft Density (dry weight) = 53-60 lbs/cu. ft Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = high Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = high Max. crushing strength = high Hardness (side grain) = hard Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. Bending strength (MOR) = very high Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 20907 29271 psi Density 51 lbs/ft3 Hardness 2318 lbs Maximum Crushing Strength 6899 9945 psi Shearing Strength 3015 psi Stiffness 2373 2752 1000 psi Weight 50 48 lbs/ft3 Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 1469 2058 kg/cm2 Density 817 kg/m3 Hardness 1051 kg Maximum Crushing Strength 485 699 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 211 kg/cm2 Stiffness 166 193 1000 kg/cm2 References Brown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 4 South East Asia,TRADA, Red Booklet Series Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison. Desch, H.E.,1954,Manual of Malayan Timbers (2 vols,Malayan Forest Records,no.15 Fundter, J.M.,1982,Names for Dipterocarp timbers and trees from Asia,Pudoc, Wageningen, Netherlands I. Soerianegara and R.H.M.J. Lemmens (Editors,1993,Plant Resources of South-East Asia 5,(PROSEA, 1,Timber trees: Major commercial timbers,Pudoc Scientific Publishers, Wageningen 1993 Kraemer, J.H.,1951,Trees of the Western Pacific Region,West Lafayette, Indiana U.S.A. Smitinand, T., Et al,1980,A Manual of Diplerocarpaceae of Mainland South-East Asia,Forest Department, Thailand Sono, P.,1974,Merchantable Timbers of Thailand.,Forest Products Research Division, Royal Forest Department, Bangkok,,Thailand. Symington, C.F.,1943,Foresters manual of Dipterocarps,Malaysia Forest Record,No.16