Clicking any heading in the main data area (at right) will scroll the page back to this top position. Use the following links to jump to the associated section in the main data. Boring Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Distribution Overview Drying Defects Ease of Drying Environmental Profile Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Schedules Luster Mortising Nailing Natural Durability Numerical Data Odor Planing References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Sanding Sapwood Color Scientific Name Screwing Staining Steam Bending Texture Trade Name Tree Size Turning		Scientific Name Ulmus alata Trade Name Winged elm Family Name Common Names Elm, Hard elm, Rock elm, Wahoo, Winged elm Regions of Distribution North America Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] United States Common Uses Baskets, Boxes and crates, Building materials, Casks, Cooperages, Decorative plywood, Decorative veneer, Farm vehicles, Figured veneer, Food containers, Interior construction, Interior trim, Machinery parts, Millwork, Moldings, Packing cases, Pallets, Plywood, Skids, Trimming, Vehicle parts, Veneer, Wainscotting, Wheels Environmental Profile Abundant/Secure Status has not been officially assessed Distribution Overview Winged elm occurs from southern Virginia, south to central Florida, west to central Texas, and north to central Missouri. Its habitat is described as the dry uplands, including abandoned fields, and is also found in moist valleys in hardwood forests. It grows from sea level to elevations of up to 2000 feet (610 m). Heartwood Color Brown Black White Light brown Golden brown with a reddish cast Brown Sapwood Color White Brown Red Green/Grey Pale brown Brown Grain Even Interlocked Straight Straight Occasionally interlocked, but not always Texture Coarse Luster Medium Low Natural Durability Non-durable Perishable Very little natural resistance Odor Has an odor No specific smell or taste Kiln Schedules T6-B3(4/4) T3-B2 (8/4)US Drying Defects Checking Distortion Ring failure Ease of Drying Thick Stock Requires Care Rapidly Easy Dries at a fairly rapid rate Tree Size Tree height is 10-20 m Comments Similar to rock elm, inner bark was used in the 18th and 19th centeries to rope for fastening covers of cotton batles Boring Fair to good results Fairly easy to very easy Cutting Resistance Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw Gluing Good properties Mortising Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Nailing Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Planing Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Resistance to Impregnation Permeable sapwood Permeable heartwood Sanding Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Screwing Pre-boring recommended Fair to Good Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Turning Fair to Good Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Steam Bending Very Good to Excellent Results Staining Fair to Good Results Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Impact Strength 41 inches Specific Gravity 0.53 0.65 Radial Shrinkage 5 % Tangential Shrinkage 11 % Volumetric Shrinkage 17 % Item Green Dry Metric Impact Strength 104 cm Specific Gravity 0.53 0.65 Radial Shrinkage 5 % Tangential Shrinkage 11 % References Boone, R.S., C.J. Kozlik, P.J. Bois and E.M. Wengert. 1988. Dry Kiln Schedules for Commercial Woods: Temperate and Tropical. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, General Technical Report FPL-GTR-57, Madison, Wisconsin. Little, E.L. 1980. The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees - Eastern Region. Published by Arthur A. Knopf, New York. Panshin, A.J. and C. deZeeuw. 1980. Textbook of Wood Technology, 4th Edition. McGraw-Hill Series in Forest Resources. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York.