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Blunting Effect Boring Carving Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Distribution Overview Drying Defects Ease of Drying Environmental Profile Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Schedules Luster Mortising Moulding Movement in Service Nailing Natural Durability Natural Growth Defects Numerical Data Odor Planing Polishing References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Routing & Recessing Sanding Sapwood Color Scientific Name Screwing Staining Steam Bending Strength Properties Synonyms Texture Trade Name Tree Identification Turning Veneering Qualities Weathering		Scientific Name Terminalia amazonia Trade Name Nargusta Family Name Combretaceae Synonyms Terminalia odontoptera, Chuncoa amazonia, Chuncoa obovata, Gimbernata obvata Common Names Almendro, Amarillo carabazuelo, Amarillo de panama, Amarillon, Anangossiti, Angouchi, Araca, Bolador, Bullywood, Canshan, Chasemiich, Chicharro, Cochun, Coffee mortar, Cumbillo, Esemi, Fukadi, Ginja hoehoe, Guaba, Guacharaco, Guatuso, Guayabo, Guayabo leon, Guayabo negro, Guayabon, Guyabillo, Hill fukadi, Kil, Kung, Kwai, Leche amarillo, Matora, Merendiba branca, Monteclaro, Nangossiti, Naranjo, Nargusta, Pardillo negro, Pata de danto, Pau mulato brancho, Pookadi, Roble, Roble amarillo, Roble de esmeraldas, Roble macuelizo, Tamarotan, Tilautaea, Volador, White olive, White oliver Regions of Distribution Central America, Latin America, Oceania and S.E. Asia Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Belize, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela Common Uses Beams, Bedroom suites, Boat building (general), Boat building, Boat building: decking, Boat building: framing, Bridge beams, Bridge construction, Bridge joists, Building construction, Cabin construction, Cabinetmaking, Canoes, Chairs, Chests, Concealed parts (Furniture), Concrete formwork, Construction, Crossties, Decks, Decorative veneer, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Domestic flooring, Dowell pins, Dowells, Drawer sides, Factory construction, Figured veneer, Fine furniture, Floor lamps, Flooring, Form work, Foundation posts, Framing, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Furniture, Hatracks, Heavy construction, Joinery, Joists, Kitchen cabinets, Lifeboats, Light construction, Marine construction, Mine timbers, Planks, Plywood, Posts, Railroad ties, Turnery, Vehicle parts, Veneer, Veneer: decorative Environmental Profile Status has not been officially assessed Distribution Overview The natural growth range of the species extends from southern Mexico southward through Central America and into northern South America to Brazil and Peru. It is also found in Trinidad, and is a common tree in the Wallaba forests of Guyana. It is also regularly found in the forests of Belize. Heartwood Color Brown Yellow Purple Red Yellow to golden-yellow to orange Greenish to greyish Pale brown Brown Reddish brown Olive-Brown The heartwood has a variegated yellow-brown to olive-brown color, occasionally with clear reddish stripes or streaks. Sapwood Color White to yellow Same as heartwood Not clearly differentiated from the heartwood Different than heartwood Grain Figure Interlocked Straight Stripe (figure) Wavy Crossed Closed Even Irregular Growth rings (figure) Rippled (figure) Spiral Variable (figure) Weak (figure) Texture Medium Medium Fine to medium Luster Lustrous Pronounced Medium to high Natural Growth Defects Trees with trunk diameters above 20 to 25 inches (50 to 62 cm) are often hollow at the center. Natural Durability Durable Durable Susceptible to marine borer attack Resistant to attack from termites (Isoptera) Moderately resistant to termite (Isoptera) attack Moderately durable Very durable Pinworms (ambrosia beetles) often present in the standing tree Pinworms (ambrosia beetles) are commonly present Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera) Susceptible to attack by subterranean termites Resistant to wood staining fungal attack Resistant to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Resistant to attack by dry-wood insects Heartwood has high natural resistance to decay Species should preferably be used under protection from the elements since it has little or no resistance to the destructive effects of the weather. Weathering Good Odor Has an odor No specific smell or taste Kiln Schedules Dry at a slow speed UK=C US=T3C2/T3C1 Fr=3 Dry at a moderate speed UK=B US=T2C2/T2C1 Fr=2 T3 - C2 (4/4); T3 - C1 (8/4) US Drying Defects Checking Distortion Severe surface checking Severe end splitting Slight twist/warp Moderate surface checking Moderate end spitting Slight end splitting Severe twisting/warping No surface checking May warp, check and split during degrade Ease of Drying Rapidly Reconditioning Treatement Little degrade Difficult Variable results. Moderate Center of thicker material is decidedly difficult to dry out. Tree Identification Bole/stem form is buttressed Bole/stem form is straight Bole/stem form is cylindrical Comments General finishing qualities are rated as good Blunting Effect Severe dulling effect on tool edges Blunting effect on machining is moderate Boring Fair to good results Easy Responds well to boring operations Carving Fair to Good Results Relatively good response to carving operations Cutting Resistance Fairly difficult to saw Gluing Easy to glue Moderate gluing properties Glues well Difficult to glue Mortising Fair to Good Results Easy to mortise Good mortising properties Moulding Fair to Good Results Easy to mould Fairly easy to mould Movement in Service Medium Dimensional changes in response to fluctuations in atmospheric conditions are moderate after manufacture. Nailing Possible if prebored Pre-boring required Difficult to nail Planing Fair to Good Results Easy to plane Planes well, to a good finish Straight-Grained material is easy to plane. Wood with roey grain may pluck or tear in planing and may require reduced cutting angles for better results. Resistance to Impregnation Permeable heartwood Permeable sapwood Sapwood is extremely resistant Heartwood is extremely resistant Sapwood response to preservative treatment is variable Heartwood responds poorly to preservative treatment Response to Hand Tools Easy to Work Difficult to machine Easy to machine Responds poorly to hand tools Moderate working qualities Routing & Recessing Fair to Good Results Sanding Good sanding properties Screwing Possible if prebored Good screw holding properties Difficult to screw Turning Fair to Good Results Good results Easy to turn Good results Veneering Qualities There is slight to moderate drying degrade and the potential for buckles and splits Moderately easy to veneer Drying degrade is often moderate to severe, with collapse, buckles, and splilts Diifficult to veneer Steam Bending Poor Moderate Very poor Polishing Satisfactory results Good results Poor results Polishes to a smooth finish Staining Finish is generally satisfactory Finish is generally good Strength Properties Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium Max. crushing strength = medium Max. crushing strength = high Hardness (side grain) = medium Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. Hardness (side grain) = hard Bending strength (MOR) = low Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = high Bending strength (MOR) = high Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low Shrinkage, Radial = large Density (dry weight) = 53-60 lbs/cu. ft Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = low Shrinkage, Tangential = large Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very high Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = high Shrinkage, Tangential = small Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Shrinkage, Radial = small Hardness (side grain) = very hard Hardness (side grain) = soft Shrinkage, Tangential = very small Shrinkage, Radial = very small Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large Resists denting and marring Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very high Heavy Hardness = medium Compression strength (parallel to grain) = high Bending strength (MOR) = very high Bending strength (MOR) = medium Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 11494 16821 psi Crushing Strength 1039 1205 psi Density 48 lbs/ft3 Hardness 1809 lbs Impact Strength 31 inches Maximum Crushing Strength 5889 9056 psi Shearing Strength 2089 psi Static Bending 7556 11084 psi Stiffness 1867 2135 1000 psi Toughness 183 inch-lbs Work to Maximum Load 12 16 inch-lbs/in3 Specific Gravity 0.63 0.76 Weight 49 49 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 4 % Tangential Shrinkage 7 % Volumetric Shrinkage 14 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 808 1182 kg/cm2 Crushing Strength 73 84 kg/cm2 Density 769 kg/m3 Hardness 820 kg Impact Strength 78 cm Maximum Crushing Strength 414 636 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 146 kg/cm2 Static Bending 531 779 kg/cm2 Stiffness 131 150 1000 kg/cm2 Toughness 210 cm-kg Work to Maximum Load 0.84 1.12 cm-kg/cm3 Specific Gravity 0.63 0.76 Weight 785 785 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 4 % Tangential Shrinkage 7 <