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Blunting Effect Boring Carving Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Drying Defects Ease of Drying Environmental Profile Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Schedules Light-Induced Color Change Luster Mortising Moulding Movement in Service Nailing Natural Durability Natural Growth Defects Numerical Data Planing Polishing References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Routing & Recessing Sapwood Color Scientific Name Screwing Staining Steam Bending Strength Properties Texture Trade Name Tree Identification Tree Size Turning Veneering Qualities Weathering		Scientific Name Tapirira guianensis Trade Name Ana-akara Family Name Anacardiaceae Common Names Ana-akara, Anoema latti, Ata-apiriri, Atapiriri, Bagamani, Basa mope, Bois tapire, Caoba de montana, Cedrillo, Cedro nogal, Cedrohy, Cedroi, Corazon colorado, Danlieba, Djedoe, Doka, Dokka, Dooka, Duck, Duka, Fresno, Fruta de paloma, Fruta de pomba, Gommier viande biche, Guaruba, Isaparitsi, Jobillo, Jobo, Jobo liso, Kressi pisie, Man krappa, Masse, Matawarie nenge, Matawarie nengidjedoe, Pau pombo, Redwood, Saprieran, Southern wild mahogany, Tamoene-nooitjano-atapi-riri, Tapaculo, Tapiriri, Tatapiririca, Tatpiririca, Vagamani, Vanamani, Warimia, Warimia balli, Wild mahogany, Witte hoedoe Regions of Distribution Central America, Latin America, Oceania and S.E. Asia Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Mexico, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago Common Uses Agricultural implements, Boat building (general), Boxes and crates, Cabinetmaking, Flooring, Handles: woodworking tools, Heavy construction, Joinery, Light construction, Matches, Particleboard, Plywood, Posts, Veneer: decorative Environmental Profile Abundant/Secure Heartwood Color Brown Yellow Pale red to pink Brown Yellow to golden-yellow to orange Greenish to greyish Sapwood Color Yellow White Paler than heartwood White to yellow Pinkish Grain Straight Even Interlocked Straight Interlocked Texture Medium Fine to medium Medium Luster High Medium Lustrous Slightly lustrous Pronounced Natural Growth Defects Gum/resin streaks Natural Durability Very durable Durable Resistant to termites Non durable Sapwood is susceptible to wood staining fungal attack Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera) Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Perishable Weathering Good Light-Induced Color Change Darker Kiln Schedules Drying (speed) is fast Dry at a slow speed Drying Defects Uneven Moisture Content Checking Distortion Expect resin/gum exudation Severe end splitting Ease of Drying Variable Easy Tree Identification Bole/stem form is buttressed Bole/stem form is straight Bole/stem form is not buttressed Tree Size Bole length is 10-20 m Tree height is 40-50 m Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm Comments General finishing qualities are rated as good Blunting Effect High to severe Boring Fairly difficult to very difficult Easy Carving Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Cutting Resistance Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw Gluing Fair to Good Results Mortising Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Moulding Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Movement in Service Fair to Good Stability - Medium Movement Nailing Pre-Boring Recommended Fair to Good Results Holds nails well Easy to nail Nails hold poorly Planing Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Planes well, to a good finish Easy to plane Resistance to Impregnation Resistant heartwood Resistant sapwood Heartwood is moderately resistant Response to Hand Tools Fairly Difficult to Difficult to Work Easy to machine Routing & Recessing Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Screwing Fair to Good Results Pre-boring recommended Fairly Easy to Very Easy Easy to screw Turning Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Easy to turn Good results Veneering Qualities Suitable for slicing Easy to cut Suitable for slicing Suitable for peeling Steam Bending Fair to Good Results Polishing Very Good to Excellent Results Satisfactory results Good results Staining Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Strength Properties Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. Bending strength (MOR) = low Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low Max. crushing strength = low Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Hardness (side grain) = very soft Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Shrinkage, Radial = small Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low Max. crushing strength = medium Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. Density (dry weight) = 23-30 lbs/cu. ft. Shrinkage, Radial = very small Hardness (side grain) = soft Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. Bending strength (MOR) = very low Shrinkage, Tangential = small Shrinkage, Tangential = large Shrinkage, Radial = large Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 5511 8595 psi Density 34 lbs/ft3 Hardness 571 lbs Maximum Crushing Strength 2785 4819 psi Shearing Strength 882 psi Stiffness 1222 1420 1000 psi Weight 33 26 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 3 % Tangential Shrinkage 8 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 387 604 kg/cm2 Density 544 kg/m3 Hardness 259 kg Maximum Crushing Strength 195 338 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 62 kg/cm2 Stiffness 85 99 1000 kg/cm2 Weight 528 416 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 3 % References Almeida, D.G. de, Costa, J.R. da,1956,Madeiras do Brasil. (Timbers of Brazil.,Min. Ag. Servico de Economia Rural, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,pp56 Belize,1946,42 Secondary Hardwood Timbers of British Honduras,British Honduras Forest Department Bulletin,No.1 Berni, C.A., Bolza, E., Christensen, F.J.,1979,South American Timbers - The Characteristics, Properties and Uses of 190,Species,C.S.I.R.O Div. Building Research Brooks, R.L., et al,1941,Durability tests on Untreated Timbers in Trinidad,Caribbean Forester,2(3,pp101-119 Caribbean Commission,1952,Information on properties of timbers gathered by questionnaire and,collated in the secretariat of the Caribbean Commission including some,related data from technical literature.,Caribbean Commission, Port of Spain, Trinidad Caribbean Timbers, their,Utilization and Trade within the area CTUTA/1/Doc.7 + App.1-18 Erfurth, T., Rusche, H.,1976,The Marketing of Tropical Wood B. Wood Species from S. American Tropical,Moist Forests,F.A.O. Forestry Department Falla Ramirez, A.,1971,Resultados de Estudios Fisico-Mechanicos de Algunas Maderas de la Serrania,de San Lucas. (Some timbers of the San Lucas mountain range.,Plegable Divulgativo, Div. Forestal, Inderena Colombia,pp6 Fanshawe, D.B.,1954,Forest Products of British Guiana Part 1 Principal Timbers,Forest Department British Guiana Forestry Bulletin (New Series 2nd,Edition,No.1 Hoheisel, H.,1968,Identification of some Colombian wood Sp. and their possible use on the,basis of physical and mechanical properties,Latin American Forest Research and Training Institute, Merida Venezuala Kynoch, W., Norton, N.A.,1938,Mechanical Properties of certain tropical woods chiefly from S. America,School of Forestry and Conservation, University of Michigan Bulletin,No.7 Marshall, R.C.,1934,Trees of Trinidad and Tobago,Government Printer Port of Spain Trinidad Marshall, R.C.,1939,Silviculture of the trees of Trinidad and Tobago - British West Indies,O.U.P.,London Record, S.J., Hess, R.W.,1943,Timbers of the New World,Yale University Press Record, S.J., Mell, C.D.,1924,Timbers of Tropical America,Yale Univ. Press Record, S.J.,1939,American Woods of the Family Anacardiaceae,Tropical Woods,8(60,pp11-45 Sao Paulo - Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnologicas,1956,Tabelas de Resultados obtidos para Madeiras Nacionais,Inst. Pesq. Tec. Sao Paulo, Brazil Bol., No.31(2nd Ed.) Slooten van der, H.J., Martinez, E.P.,1959,Descripcion y propiedades de algunas madeiras Venezolanas,Inst. for Lation Americano de Investigacion y Capaciticion Boletin,Informaturo Dirulgaturo Takahashi, A.,1975,Compilation of data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part 2,Central and South America,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No.4 Tropical Woods,1968,Madeiras Comercias Brasileiras,Inst. Pesq. Tec. Sao Paulo Brazil Publ.,857 Venezuela-Laboratories Nacional de Productos Forestates,1974,Caraderisticas, Propiedades y usos de 104 Maderas de los allos Ilanos,occidentales,Min. Ag. y Cria, Universidad de Los andes, Merida, Venezuela Lab.Nac. de,Prod. For.