Clicking any heading in the main data area (at right) will scroll the page back to this top position. Use the following links to jump to the associated section in the main data. Blunting Effect Boring Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Distribution Overview Drying Defects Ease of Drying Environmental Profile Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Drying Rate Kiln Schedules Luster Mortising Moulding Movement in Service Nailing Natural Durability Numerical Data Odor Planing Polishing References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Sanding Sapwood Color Scientific Name Screwing Staining Steam Bending Strength Properties Synonyms Texture Toxicity Trade Name Tree Size Turning Veneering Qualities		Scientific Name Syncarpia glomulifera Trade Name Turpentine Family Name Myrtaceae Synonyms Syncarpia procera Common Names Luster, Red lustre, Red turpentine, Turpentine Regions of Distribution Oceania and S.E. Asia Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Australia Common Uses Agricultural implements, Barge fenders, Bearings & bushings, Boat building (general), Boat building: decking, Boat building: framing, Boat building: planking, Bridge construction, Building construction, Building materials, Bushing blocks, Cabin construction, Construction, Crossties, Decks, Docks, Dockwork, Factory construction, Farm vehicles, Flooring, Flooring: industrial heavy traffic, Harbor work, Heavy construction, Joinery, Light construction, Machinery parts, Marine construction, Mine timbers, Naval architecture, Paneling, Piling, Poles, Posts, Raft floats, Rafts, Railroad ties, Shipbuilding, Structural work, Textile equipment, Tool handles, Turnery, Utility poles, Vehicle parts, Wharf construction, Wheels Environmental Profile Status has not been officially assessed Distribution Overview The species occurs in the Blue Mountains and in coastal districts of Queensland and New South Wales in Australia. Heartwood Color Yellow Brown Green/grey Orange Red Reddish brown Red Brown Sapwood Color White Yellow Red Well defined Pinkish Brown - pale Grain Interlocked Figure Rippled (figure) Straight Rays (figure) Wavy Even Closed Stripe (figure) Interlocked Rippled figure Wavy Straight Rays figure Striped figure Generally straight, but not always Texture Medium Coarse Fine to medium Fine Medium to coarse Luster Low Lustrous Natural Durability Durable Moderately durable Non-resistant to termites Susceptible to insect attack Non-resistant to marine borers Resistant to attack from marine borers Very durable Resistant to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Resistant to attack from termites (Isoptera) Durable Susceptible to marine borer attack Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera) Non durable Moderately resistant to termite (Isoptera) attack Heartwood is very resistant to decay and termite attack Heartwood highly resistant to marine-borers Odor No specific smell or taste Toxicity Unspecified toxicity Kiln Schedules Dry at a slow speed UK=C US=T3C2/T3C1 Fr=3 T3 - C2 (4/4) US T3 - C1 (8/4) US Drying Defects Distortion Checking Moderate twist/warp Moderate collapse and honeycombing Moderate surface checking Severe collapse and honeycomb Suface checks may develop in flat-sawn material Severe twisting/warping Severe surface checking Moderate end spitting Ease of Drying Fairly Easy Rapidly Moderately Difficult to Difficult Difficult Easy Radial, tangential, and Volumetric tend to be very large Air drying should precede seasoning Kiln Drying Rate Naturally dries quickly Tree Size Bark width is 25-30 mm Bark width is 30-40 mm Bole length is 0-10 m Tree height is 20-30 m Tree height is 30-40 m Comments General finishing qualities are rated as good General finishing qualities are rated as poor Blunting Effect Blunting effect on machining is moderate Blunting effect on machining is severe Severe Blunting effect on machining is fairly severe Boring Fairly easy to very easy Cutting Resistance Easy to saw Difficult to saw Gluing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Mortising Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Moulding Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Movement in Service Excellent Stability - Small Movement Nailing Pre-Boring Recommended Fairly Easy to Very Easy Possible if prebored Difficult to nail Planing Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Fair to Good Results Severe dulling effect on cutting edges Planing is difficult due to high density Resistance to Impregnation Heartwood is highly resistant Sapwood is moderately resistant Response to Hand Tools Easy to Work Difficult to machine Moderate working qualities Easy to machine Sanding Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Screwing Pre-boring recommended Fairly Easy to Very Easy Screwing yields good results Turning Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Easy to turn Very good turning characteristics Timber dulls cutters severely Good results Finish is generally satisfactory Veneering Qualities Suitable for peeling Suitable for slicing Difficult to veneer No drying degrade Steam Bending Fair to Good Results Poor to Very Poor Results Moderate Polishing Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Satisfactory results Good results Polishes to smooth finish Staining Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Strength Properties Density (dry weight) = 53-60 lbs/cu. ft. Density (dry weight) = 61-67 lbs/cu. ft. Max. crushing strength = high Shrinkage, Tangential = large Shrinkage, Radial = large Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium Max. crushing strength = medium Hardness (side grain) = very hard Bending strength (MOR) = low Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very high Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = high Hardness (side grain) = medium Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. Bending strength (MOR) = medium Bending strength (MOR) = high Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Very heavy Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = medium Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = low Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = high Hardness (side grain) = hard Density = high Compression strength (parallel to grain) = very high Bending strength (MOR) = very high Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 10112 18620 psi Density 58 lbs/ft3 Hardness 2624 lbs Impact Strength 33 38 inches Maximum Crushing Strength 5805 10108 psi Shearing Strength 2588 psi Stiffness 1704 2224 1000 psi Work to Maximum Load 8 19 inch-lbs/in3 Specific Gravity 0.67 0.72 Weight 57 54 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 5 % Tangential Shrinkage 9 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 710 1309 kg/cm2 Density 929 kg/m3 Hardness 1190 kg Impact Strength 83 96 cm Maximum Crushing Strength 408 710 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 181 kg/cm2 Stiffness 119 156 1000 kg/cm2 Work to Maximum Load 0.56 1.33 cm-kg/cm3 Specific Gravity 0.67 0.72 Weight 913 865 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 5 % References Alston, A.S.,1966,Natural Heartwood Durability,Fiji Forestry Department, Suva. Fiji timbers and their uses No. 2 Anderson, R.H.,1947,The Trees of New South Wales,New South Wales Department of Agriculture Australia - New South Wales Forestry Commission,1951,Turpentine - Syncarpia glomulifera Sm,N.S.W. Forestry Commission Division of Wood Technology Technical Note 5(1,pp3-6 Australia C.S.I.R.O.,1960,Properties of Australian Timbers - Turpentine (Syncarpia glomulifera,C.S.I.R.O. Forest Products Newsletter No.262 P4 Banks, C.H., Schoeman, J.P., Otto, K.P.,1977,The Mechanical Properties of Timbers with particular reference to South,Africa,South African Forestry Research Institute Bulletin,(Ed.,Schoeman, J.P. 1973 & Otto K.P. 1976,No.48 Boas, I.H.,1947,The Commercial Timbers of Australia - Their Properties and Uses,Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Melbourne Bolza, E., Kloot, N.H.,1963,The Mechanical Properties of 174 Australian Timbers,C.S.I.R.O. Division of Forest Products Technological Paper,No.25 Bootle, K.R.,1971,The Commercial Timbers of New South Wales and their use,Angus & Robertson (publishers) PTY Ltd Brown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 8 Australasia,TRADA, Red Booklet Series Cause, M.L., Et al,1974,The Nomenclature, Density and Lyctus - Susceptibility of Queensland,Timbers,Queensland Forestry Department Pamphlet 13 Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison. Clifford, N.,1957,Timber Identification for the Builder and Architect,Leonard Hill (Books) LTD. London Edmondson, C.H.,1947,Marine borer resistance of Syncarpia laurifolia,Tropical Woods 12(92) pp44-7 Forestry Commission of New South Wales,1987,Timbers used in New South Wales for Domestic Buildings,Forestry Commission of New South Wales, Technical Publication No.6 Gamble, J.S.,1902,A Manual of Indian Timbers,Sampson Low, Marston & Co. London Gay, F.J., Et al,1955,Standard laboratory colonies of termites for evaluating the resistance of,timber, timber preservatives and other materials to termite attack.,C.S.I.R.O., Australia Bulletin,No.277 Hall, N., Et al,1970,Forest Trees of Australia,Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra Howard, A.L.,1948,A Manual of Timbers of the World.,Macmillan & Co. Ltd. London 3rd ed. Keating, W.G., Bolza, E.,1982,Characteristics properties and uses of timbers. South East Asia, Northern,Australia and the Pacific,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Chemical Technology,Inkata Press,1 Kloot, N.H., Bolza, E.,1961,Properties of Timbers Imported into Australia,C.S.I.R.O. Forest Products Division Technological Paper,No.12 Lavers, G.M. 1966. The Strength Properties of Timbers. Forest Products Research Bulletin, No. 50. Ministry of Technology, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London. Lavers, G.M.,1983,The Strength Properties of Timber (3rd ed. revised Moore G.L.,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Building Research,Establishment Report (formerly Bulletin No.50) Patterson, D.,1988,Commercial Timbers of the World, 5th Edition,Gower Technical Press Rendle, B.J.,1969,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Ernest Benn Ltd. London Scott, M.H.,1935,Weights of South African Growth Timbers,South African Department of Agriculture and Forestry Bulletin,No.145,Forest Products Institute, Forestry Series No.1 Streets, R.J.,1962,Exotic Forest Trees in the British Commonwealth,Clarendon Press Oxford The Australian Timber Journal & Building Products, Merchandiser,1969,Timber Durability and Preservation,Supplement to Australian Timber Journal 35(4) Tech. Timb. Guide No.8 Titmuss, F.H.,1965,Commercial Timbers of the World,Technical Press Ltd., London, 3rd edition