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Blunting Effect Boring Carving Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Distribution Overview Drying Defects Ease of Drying Environmental Profile Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Drying Rate Kiln Schedules Luster Mortising Moulding Movement in Service Nailing Natural Durability Numerical Data Odor Painting Planing Polishing Product Sources References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Routing & Recessing Sanding Sapwood Color Scientific Name Screwing Staining Steam Bending Strength Properties Texture Toxicity Trade Name Tree Identification Tree Size Turning Varnishing Veneering Qualities		Scientific Name Staudtia stipitata Trade Name Niove Family Name Myristicaceae Common Names Ang-menga-menga, Bocapi, Bokapi, Bope, Bope bambale, Bosasa, Bufoki, Camashi, Ekop, Kamashi, M'bonda, M'boun, Mbon, Mboun, Memenga, Memengue, Menga menga, Menhunga, Mogoubi, Molanga, Mougoubi, Muingi, Niove, Nkafi, Okopi, Oropa, Somye menga, Sunzu, Susu menga, Susumenga, Wanga Regions of Distribution Africa Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Zaire Common Uses Boat building (general), Boat building, Brush backs & handles, Building materials, Cabinetmaking, Canoes, Carvings, Chairs, Chests, Concealed parts (Furniture), Decorative veneer, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Domestic flooring, Dowell pins, Dowells, Drawer sides, Excelsior, Figured veneer, Fine furniture, Floor lamps, Flooring, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Furniture, Handles: general, Hatracks, Heavy construction, Interior construction, Interior trim, Joinery, Kitchen cabinets, Ladders, Lifeboats, Light construction, Living-room suites, Mathematical instruments, Millwork, Mine timbers, Moldings, Musical instruments, Oars, Office furniture, Paneling, Parquet flooring, Piling, Plywood, Posts, Radio - stereo - TV cabinets, Railroad ties, Rustic furniture, Shipbuilding, Sporting Goods, Stair rails, Stairworks, Stools, Stringers, Sub-flooring, Tool handles, Toys, Turnery, Vats, Vehicle parts, Veneer, Veneer: decorative Environmental Profile Abundant/Secure Status has not been officially assessed Distribution Overview This large forest tree grows in the lowland rainforests from Nigeria to Zaire in Africa. Heartwood Color Red Brown Yellow Orange White Purple Black Pink Reddish brown Yellow to golden-yellow to orange Brown Red Yellowish brown Orange brown Dark brown streaks Sapwood Color White Yellow Green/Grey White to yellow Yellow - pale Well defined Pinkish Paler than heartwood Brown - orange May be up to 4 inches (10 cm) in width. Grain Straight Even Figure Weak (figure) Straight Weak figure Texture Coarse Medium Fine Fine to medium Very fine Luster Slightly lustrous Occasionally oily Natural Durability Susceptible to insect attack Moderately durable Non-resistant to powder post beetles Resistant to termites Durable Perishable Resistant to powder post beetles Non-durable Resistant to attack from termites (Isoptera) Very durable Durable Resistant to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Well suited for exterior applications Weathering properties are excellent Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Heartwood susceptible to marine borer attack Heartwood is very resistant to decay and termite attack Odor Has a taste Spicy scent Toxicity Dermatitic effects Kiln Schedules Dry at a slow speed Drying Defects Splitting Distortion Internal Honeycombing Possible Collapse Checking Extension of Existing Shakes Ring Shakes Moderate surface checking Slight twist/warp Slight end splitting End-checking is slight Ease of Drying Moderately Difficult to Difficult Slowly Thick Stock Requires Care Requires special attention Requires carefully controlled drying to prevent degrade Moderate Easy Dries slowly Kiln Drying Rate Naturally dries slowly Very slow Drying rate is slow Tree Identification Bole/stem form is not buttressed Bole/stem form is straight Bole/stem form is cylindrical Bole/stem form is fluted Tree Size Tree height is 30-40 m Sapwood width is 5-10 cm Sapwood width is 0-5 cm Bole length is 20-30 m Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm Tree height is 20-30 m Tree height is 40-50 m Product Sources The ITTO reports that timber from this species is produced frequently but exported only occasionally and in low quantities. Comments Bark contains clear sap which turns rapidly to reddish-brown General finishing qualities are rated as good Blunting Effect Moderate Medium effect Blunting effect on machining is fairly severe Boring Fairly easy to very easy Easy Carving Fairly Easy to Very Easy Cutting Resistance Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw Cutting Resistance with green wood is easy Cutting Resistance with dry wood is easy Tungsten-Carbibe tipped cutters and/ or a narrow pitch are recommended Slowly but fairly easily Band and frame saws are easy to use Gluing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Difficult to glue Easy to glue Surface preperation improves gluing Mortising Fairly Easy to Very Easy Easy to mortise Finishes well Moulding Fairly Easy to Very Easy Easy to mould Movement in Service Unstable with Poor Stability - Large Movement Small Stable Medium Nailing Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Pre-Boring Recommended Possible if prebored Difficult to nail Thin boards are prone to split Nailing properties are rated as moderate Holds nails well Easy to nail Planing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Easy to plane Planes well, to a good finish Good planing properties Resistance to Impregnation Resistant heartwood Resistant sapwood Heartwood is resistant Heartwood is highly resistant Material accepts creosote to use in marine applications Highly resistant Response to Hand Tools Easy to Work Easy to machine Yields a smooth, clean finish Moderate working qualities Difficult to machine Routing & Recessing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Sanding The sanding finish is generally good Good sanding finish Easy to sand Screwing Pre-boring recommended Relatively easy to screw Pre-boring recommended Possible if prebored Turning Fairly Easy to Very Easy Good results Easy to turn Veneering Qualities Suitable for peeling Difficult to veneer Veneers easily Veneers moderately easy Suitable for slicing Bolt preparation requires steaming Suitable for slicing No drying degrade. Dries flat without splitting Easy to cut Steam Bending Fair to Good Results Very poor Painting Poor results Polishing Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Surface Preparation Satisfactory results Good results Staining Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Surface Preparation Finish is generally satisfactory Varnishing Good results Strength Properties Density (dry weight) = 53-60 lbs/cu. ft. Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = high Density (dry weight) = 61-67 lbs/cu. ft. Bending strength (MOR) = high Max. crushing strength = very high Max. crushing strength = high Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large Hardness (side grain) = very hard Bending strength (MOR) = very high Hardness (side grain) = hard Shrinkage, Tangential = small Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very high Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium Density (dry weight) = 67-75 lbs/cu. ft. Very heavy Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = low Shrinkage, Tangential = large Shrinkage, Radial = large Density = very high Compression strength (parallel to grain) = very high Bending strength (MOR) = medium Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 15735 23502 psi Density 57 lbs/ft3 Hardness 2680 lbs Impact Strength 28 inches Maximum Crushing Strength 8467 11907 psi Shearing Strength 2695 psi Stiffness 2167 2445 1000 psi Specific Gravity 0.73 0.79 Weight 55 53 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 5 % Tangential Shrinkage 7 % Volumetric Shrinkage 12 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 1106 1652 kg/cm2 Density 913 kg/m3 Hardness 1215 kg Impact Strength 71 cm Maximum Crushing Strength 595 837 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 189 kg/cm2 Stiffness 152 171 1000 kg/cm2 Specific Gravity 0.73 0.79 Weight 881 849 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 5 % Tangential Shrinkage 7 % References Banks, C.H. and J.P. Schoeman. 1963. Railway Sleeper and Crossing Timbers. Bulletin No. 41, Republic of South Africa. The Government Printer, Pretoria, South Africa. Banks, C.H., Schoeman, J.P., Otto, K.P.,1977,The Mechanical Properties of Timbers with particular reference to South,Africa,South African Forestry Research Institute Bulletin,(Ed.,Schoeman, J.P. 1973 & Otto K.P. 1976,No.48 Banks, C.H.,1954,The Mechanical Properties of Timbers with Particular Reference to those,grown in the Union of South Africa,Journal of the South African Forestry Association,No. 24 pp.44-65,[South,African Forestry Journal] Bertin, A., Meniaud, J.,1949,Timbers of the Cameroons,Compagnie Francais du Cameroon,(Transl. by F.Jane) Bois et Forets des Tropiques,1947,Niove (Staudtia gabonensis and S. kamerunensis,Bois et Forets des Tropiques,No.2,pp63-66 Bolza, E., Keating, W.G.,1972,African Timbers - the Properties, Uses and Characteristics of 700 Species,C.S.I.R.O. Div. of Building Research Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison. Erfurth, T., Rusche, H.,1976,The Marketing of Tropical Wood A. Wood Species from African Moist Forests,F.A.O. Forestry Department Ferreirinha, M.P.,1959,Maderas do Ultramar Portugues,Garcia de Orta,7(2) Ferreirinha, M.P.,1962,Madeiras de Angola - 2nd Series,Garcia de orta Lisbon,10 (1) Fouarge, J., Gerard, G.,1964,Bois du Mayumbe,I.N.E.A.C. Belguim Fouarge, J.,1970,Essais Physiques,Mecaniques et de Durabilite de Bois de la Republique,Democratique du Congo,I.N.E.A.C. Belgium Serie Technique,No.76 France - C.T.F.T.,1966,Bois Tropicaux,C.T.F.T. Publ.,12 France - C.T.F.T.,1977,Promotion of African Timbers - New Species,CTFT,35 Leaflets France - Comite Nacional des Bois Coloniaux,1931,Etude Physique et Mecanique des Bois Coloniaux,Assoc. Colonies-Sciences & Comite National des Bios Coloniaux, Paris,,France Garratt, G.A.,1933,Systematic anatomy of the woods of the Myristicacaeae,Tropical Woods,5(35,pp6-48 Gutierrez Oliva, A., Plaza Pulgar, F.,1967,Caracteristicas fisico-mecanicas de las maderas Espanolas. (Physical and,mechanical properties of Spanish timbers.,Min.Agric./Dir.Gen Montes/Instituto Forestral de Investigaciones,y,Experiencias, Madrid pp102 Howard, A.L.,1948,A Manual of Timbers of the World.,Macmillan & Co. Ltd. London 3rd ed. Hughes, J.F.,1971,The Principal Timber Trees of Cameroon,Unpublished data ITTO. 1986. Tropical Timber Atlas, Volume 1 - Africa. International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO) and Centre Technique Forestier Tropical (CTFT, 45bis, Avenue de la Belle Gabrielle, Nogent-sur-Marne Cedex, France. Jay, B.A.,1968,Timbers of West Africa,TRADA, Red Booklet Series Keay, R.W.J. 1989. Trees of Nigeria. Revised Version of Nigerian Trees . Clarendon Press, Oxford. Lebacq, L., Dechamps, R.,1967,Contribution a un Inventaire de Forets du Nord-kasai,Musee Royal de L'Afrique Centrale Belgium Annals Series 8 No.5 Lincoln, W. A. 1986. World Woods in Color. Linden Publishing Co. Inc., Fresno, California. Pieters, A.,1977,Essences Forestieres du Zaire,R.U.G. Gent Belguim Revue des Bois et de ses Applications,1948,Bois Coloniaux - Niove (Staudtia gabonensis,Revue des Bois et de ses Applications,3(4,p32 Revue des Bois et de ses Applications,1957,Niove (Staudtia gabonensis,Revue des Bois et de ses Applications,12(9&10,p32 Riberio, S.F. Perira,1958,Actividade Madeireira no Enclave de Cabinda,Inst. Superior de Agronomica Portugal Argos, 41(4,pp240-55 Sallenave, P.,1955,Proprietes Phyiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux de l'Union Francaise,C.T.F.T Sallenave, P.,1964,Proprietes Physiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux (Premier Supplement,C.T.F.T. Publ.,no.23 Takahashi, A.,1978,Compilation of Data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part,III) Africa,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No. 7 Wood, B., Calnan, D.,1976,Toxic Woods,British Journal of Dermat 94 Suppl. 13