Clicking any heading in the main data area (at right) will scroll the page back to this top position. Use the following links to jump to the associated section in the main data. Blunting Effect Boring Carving Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Drying Defects Ease of Drying Environmental Profile Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Schedules Luster Mortising Movement in Service Nailing Natural Durability Numerical Data Odor Planing Polishing References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Sanding Sapwood Color Scientific Name Screwing Staining Steam Bending Strength Properties Synonyms Texture Trade Name Tree Identification Tree Size Turning		Scientific Name Shorea balanocarpoides Trade Name Chengal Family Name Dipterocarpaceae Synonyms Shorea dolichocarpa, Balanocarpus pahangensis Common Names Chengal, Damar hitam daun besar, Damar hitam katup, Damar katup, Damar litam daum besar, Dmar hitam gondol, Kala daun besar, Kala dawn besar, Meranti damar hitam, Meranti hijau, Meranti hyau, Meranti putih, Merawan, Merawan lampong, White meranti, Yellow meranti Regions of Distribution Oceania and S.E. Asia Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Malaysia Common Uses Furniture, Joinery, Light construction, Plywood Environmental Profile Abundant/Secure Heartwood Color Pink Red Yellow to golden-yellow to orange Pale brown Red Greenish to greyish Brown Sapwood Color Red Grey Brown Well defined White to yellow Paler than heartwood Grain Figure Interlocked Closed Weak (figure) Stripe (figure) Wavy Interlocked Weak figure Striped figure Wavy Texture Coarse Medium to coarse Medium Fine Coarse Luster Low High Medium Dull Slightly lustrous Natural Durability Durable Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Moderately durable Pinworms (ambrosia beetles) are commonly present Non durable Odor Has an odor Kiln Schedules Drying (speed) is fast Drying Defects Distortion Checking Ease of Drying Reconditioning Treatement Tree Identification Bole/stem form is buttressed Tree Size Tree height is 40-50 m Tree height is 50-60 m Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm Blunting Effect Little Blunting effect on machining is slight Boring Fairly easy to very easy Fair to good results Carving Very Good to Excellent Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Cutting Resistance Easy to saw Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw Gluing Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Easy to glue Mortising Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Movement in Service Fair to Good Stability - Medium Movement Excellent Stability - Small Movement Nailing Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Easy to nail Planing Fair to Good Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Resistance to Impregnation Permeable sapwood Resistant sapwood Resistant heartwood Heartwood is extremely resistant Response to Hand Tools Responds Readily Easy to Work Easy to machine Sanding Fair to Good Results Screwing Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Turning Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Steam Bending Tends to Degrade Poor to Very Poor Results Polishing Fair to Good Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Satisfactory results Staining Fair to Good Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Finish is generally satisfactory Strength Properties Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. Density (dry weight) = 53-60 lbs/cu. ft Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Density 44 lbs/ft3 Weight 43 34 lbs/ft3 Item Green Dry Metric Density 705 kg/m3 References Brown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 4 South East Asia,TRADA, Red Booklet Series Desch, H.E.,1954,Manual of Malayan Timbers (2 vols,Malayan Forest Records,no.15 Fundter, J.M.,1982,Names for Dipterocarp timbers and trees from Asia,Pudoc, Wageningen, Netherlands I. Soerianegara and R.H.M.J. Lemmens (Editors,1993,Plant Resources of South-East Asia 5,(PROSEA, 1,Timber trees: Major commercial timbers,Pudoc Scientific Publishers, Wageningen 1993 Menon, P.K.B.,1959,The wood anatomy of Malayan timbers: commercial timbers, 3. Light,hardwoods,Malaysian Forest Research Institute Kepong, Research Pamplet, No. 27. Symington, C.F.,1943,Foresters manual of Dipterocarps,Malaysia Forest Record,No.16