Clicking any heading in the main data area (at right) will scroll the page back to this top position. Use the following links to jump to the associated section in the main data. Blunting Effect Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Distribution Overview Drying Defects Ease of Drying Environmental Profile Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Schedules Luster Mortising Moulding Movement in Service Nailing Natural Durability Numerical Data Odor Planing Polishing References Regions of Distribution Resin Content Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Sapwood Color Scientific Name Screwing Silica Content Staining Steam Bending Strength Properties Texture Trade Name Tree Size Turning Weathering		Scientific Name Anisoptera laevis Trade Name Palosapis Family Name Dipterocarpaceae Common Names Kaunghmu, Mersawa, Palosapis, Phdiek, Ven ven Regions of Distribution Oceania and S.E. Asia Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Brunei Indonesia Malaysia Pakistan Philippines Common Uses Beams, Boat building, Building construction, Cabin construction, Canoes, Chairs, Chests, Concealed parts (Furniture), Concrete formwork, Construction, Core Stock, Decks, Decorative plywood, Decorative veneer, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Domestic flooring, Dowell pins, Dowells, Drawer sides, Excelsior, Factory construction, Factory flooring, Figured veneer, Fine furniture, Floor lamps, Flooring, Form work, Foundation posts, Framing, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Hatracks, Heavy construction, Joinery, Joists, Kitchen cabinets, Lifeboats, Light construction, Plywood, Veneer Environmental Profile Rare Abundant/Secure Secure in many areas of its range Rare in parts of its natural range (population is at risk) Distribution Overview Brunei, Indonesia (Sumatra), Malaysia (Sabah, Sarawak), Singapore. A timber tree which is widespread and recorded in a number of proposed reserve sites Heartwood Color Yellow Brown Pink Tan Yellowish tan Pinkish tinge Darkens slightly upon exposure Sapwood Color Brown Yellow Not clearly differentiated from the heartwood Lighter than heartwood Grain Interlocked Interlocked A silver grain figure is produced by prominent rays on quarter-sawn surfaces. Texture Even or uniform Uniform Coarse Medium Moderately coarse Even textured Luster Low Not lustrous Natural Durability Durable Susceptible to attack by the powder-post beetle Moderate weathering properties Moderate natural resistance to attack by decay fungi Weathering Good Odor No specific taste No specific odor Silica Content High Siliceous Likely to have significant impact on machining Contains high levels of silica (> 0.5% of dry weight) Resin Content Resinous Kiln Schedules T6-D4(4/4);T3-D1(8/4) US Schedule E; United Kingdom Care is needed to accurately measure moisture content for kilning Drying Defects Distortion Slight distortion may occur during drying Ease of Drying Slowly Thick Stock Requires Care Dries very slowly especially the core of thicker materials Tree Size Tree height is 30-40 m Tree height is 40-50 m Tree height is 50-60 m Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm Boles are usually cylindrical and straight. Some Anisoptera trees are buttressed Comments Retards the setting of cement and should not be used for shuttering concrete Blunting Effect High to severe Severe blunting effect on cutting edges because of interlocked grain and silica content Cutting Resistance Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw Specially tipped cutters are usually required to process the wood Fairly difficult to saw The wood is very difficult to saw because of silica content and interlocked grain Gluing Fair to Good Results Good gluing properties Mortising Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Interlocked grain effects mortising Moulding Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Interlocked grain and silica may affect moulding properties Movement in Service Fair to Good Stability - Medium Movement Medium movement after manufacture Nailing Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Accepts thin nails well Planing Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Very sharp cutting edges are required for smooth surfaces Reduced cutting angle of 20 degrees is recommended for best results Resistance to Impregnation Resistant sapwood Resistant heartwood Moderately resistant to preservative treatment Response to Hand Tools Fairly Difficult to Difficult to Work Interlocked grain may affect machining the wood with hand tools Screwing Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Good screwing properties Turning Fair to Good Results Good turning qualities Steam Bending Exudation Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Very poor steam bending characteristics Severe steam bending properties Severe resin secretion during steaming Polishing Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Satisfactory polishing characteristics Staining Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Stains satisfactorily after surface preparation Strength Properties Resists wearing and marring Resists denting and marring High in density Heavy Fairly hard Compression strength (parallel to grain) = high Bending strength (MOR) = very high The bending strength qualities of this species in the air-dry condition is very high, far superior to those of Mahogany. Strength in compression parallel to grain is in the high range. Other species in this range include Teak, White oak, and Hard maple Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 8800 15484 psi Crushing Strength 578 897. psi Density 39 lbs/ft3 Hardness 828 lbs Impact Strength 25 inches Maximum Crushing Strength 4675 7654 psi Shearing Strength 1058 psi Static Bending 5429 8464. psi Stiffness 1617 1931 1000 psi Work to Maximum Load 6 inch-lbs/in3 Specific Gravity 0.42 0.44 Weight 64 38 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 4 % Tangential Shrinkage 9 % Volumetric Shrinkage 11 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 618 1088 kg/cm2 Crushing Strength 40 63. kg/cm2 Density 624 kg/m3 Hardness 375 kg Impact Strength 63 cm Maximum Crushing Strength 328 538 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 74 kg/cm2 Static Bending 381 595. kg/cm2 Stiffness 113 135 1000 kg/cm2 Work to Maximum Load 0.42 cm-kg/cm3 Specific Gravity 0.42 0.44 Weight 1025 608 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 4 % Tangential Shrinkage 9 % References Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison. Desch, H. E. 1957. Manual of Malayan Timbers - Volume I. Malayan Forest Records, No. 15. Malaya Publishing House Ltd., Singapore. Desch, H. E. 1957. Manual of Malayan Timbers. Malayan Forest Records, 28(30):315-318. HMSO. 1981. Handbook of Hardwoods, 2nd Edition. revised by R.H. Farmer. Department of the Environment, Building Research Establishment, Princes Risborough Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire. Lincoln, W.A. 1986. World Woods in Color. Linden Publishing Co. Inc., Fresno, California. WCMC. 1992. Conservation Status Listing - Trees and Timbers of the World. World Conservation Monitoring Center-Plants Programme, Cambridge, CB3 ODL, United Kingdom.