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Blunting Effect Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Ease of Drying Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Drying Rate Kiln Schedules Luster Movement in Service Nailing Natural Durability Natural Growth Defects Numerical Data Planing Polishing References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Sapwood Color Scientific Name Staining Strength Properties Synonyms Texture Trade Name Tree Identification Tree Size		Scientific Name Scyphocephalium mannii Trade Name Akuma Family Name Myristicaceae Synonyms Scyphocephalium ochocoa Common Names Akuma, Eteng oswe, Ilombe, Ossoka, Ossoko, Soghe, Sogho, Sorra, Tshidungadunga, Tshifula Regions of Distribution Africa Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Cameroon, Gabon, Nigeria Common Uses Boat building (general), Cabinetmaking, Flooring, Furniture, Joinery, Light construction, Plywood corestock, Plywood, Toys, Turnery Heartwood Color Brown Yellow Red Orange Green/grey Reddish brown Brown Yellow to golden-yellow to orange Pale brown Greenish to greyish Sapwood Color White Yellow Brown Red White to yellow Different than heartwood Well defined Grain Straight Closed Even Wavy Straight Wavy Texture Medium Coarse Fine Medium to coarse Medium Fine Coarse Fine to medium Luster Low Lustrous Natural Growth Defects Latex or other ducts Natural Durability Susceptible to insect attack Moderately durable Perishable Non-resistant to powder post beetles Non-durable Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Non durable Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera) Perishable Moderately durable Kiln Schedules Drying (speed) is fast Ease of Drying Rapidly Easy Kiln Drying Rate Naturally dries quickly Tree Identification Bole/stem form is straight Bole/stem form is fluted Bole/stem form is buttressed Tree Size Tree height is 40-50 m Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm Comments General finishing qualities are rated as good Blunting Effect Little Blunting effect on machining is fairly severe Cutting Resistance Cutting Resistance with green wood is easy Cutting Resistance with dry wood is easy Gluing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Easy to glue Movement in Service Stable Nailing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Easy to nail Planing Planes well, to a good finish Easy to plane Resistance to Impregnation Resistant heartwood Resistant sapwood Heartwood is moderately resistant Sapwood is permeable Heartwood is resistant Response to Hand Tools Easy to Work Easy to machine Polishing Fair to Good Results Satisfactory results Staining Fair to Good Results Strength Properties Shrinkage, Radial = small Shrinkage, Tangential = small Bending strength (MOR) = medium Max. crushing strength = medium Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. Shrinkage, Tangential = very small Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Bending strength (MOR) = low Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Max. crushing strength = low Hardness (side grain) = soft Hardness (side grain) = medium Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Hardness (side grain) = very soft Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 8110 12699 psi Density 35 lbs/ft3 Hardness 1125 lbs Maximum Crushing Strength 3324 5570 psi Shearing Strength 1282 psi Stiffness 1188 1383 1000 psi Weight 34 27 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 3 % Tangential Shrinkage 5 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 570 892 kg/cm2 Density 560 kg/m3 Hardness 510 kg Maximum Crushing Strength 233 391 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 90 kg/cm2 Stiffness 83 97 1000 kg/cm2 Weight 544 432 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 3 % References Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison. Erfurth, T., Rusche, H.,1976,The Marketing of Tropical Wood A. Wood Species from African Moist Forests,F.A.O. Forestry Department France - C.T.F.T./C.T.B.,1982,Guide pour le Choix des Essences Deroulables-pour la fabrication du,contreplaque,C.T.F.T./C.T.B. France Franco, E.J. Sampaio,1965,Sur l'Aptitude de quelques Bois Africains a l'Emploi dans les Travaux,Maritimes et la Construction Navale. (The suitability of some African,timbers for use in maritime structures and ship building.,Min. Das Obras Publicas, Lab.Nac. de Engenharia Civil Lisbon,,Memoria.,No.243 pp19 Garratt, G.A.,1933,Systematic anatomy of the woods of the Myristicacaeae,Tropical Woods,5(35,pp6-48 Hughes, J.F.,1971,The Principal Timber Trees of Cameroon,Unpublished data Lebacq, L., Dechamps, R.,1967,Contribution a un Inventaire de Forets du Nord-kasai,Musee Royal de L'Afrique Centrale Belgium Annals Series 8 No.5 Meniaud, J., Bretonnet, F.,1926,Les Bois Coloniaux d'Afrique dans l'Industrie,Publ. de l'Agence Gen. des Colonies Sallenave, P.,1955,Proprietes Phyiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux de l'Union Francaise,C.T.F.T Sallenave, P.,1964,Proprietes Physiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux (Premier Supplement,C.T.F.T. Publ.,no.23 Sallenave, P.,1971,Proprietes Physiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux (Deuxieme,Supplement,C.T.F.T. Steiger, A.,1973,Surveys of information on wood species 9,Holztechnologie,14(3, p184 Yvon, J.,1973,Le Sorro (Scyphocephaliun mannii,Bois et Forets des Tropiques,No.152,pp51-4