Clicking any heading in the main data area (at right) will scroll the page back to this top position. Use the following links to jump to the associated section in the main data. Boring Carving Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Distribution Overview Drying Defects Ease of Drying Environmental Profile Family Name Grain Heartwood Color Luster Mortising Moulding Natural Durability Numerical Data Odor Planing Polishing References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Routing & Recessing Sanding Sapwood Color Scientific Name Strength Properties Synonyms Texture Toxicity Trade Name Tree Size Turning		Scientific Name Sapium insigne Trade Name Curupi Family Name Euphorbiaceae Synonyms Excoecaria insignis Common Names Bilodar, Biloja, Curupi, Dudla, Garpa shola, Karalla, Khina, Khinna, Khirni, Lechero, Ledra, Lendura, Lienda, Linda Regions of Distribution Central America, Oceania and S.E. Asia Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Columbia, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, India, Jamaica, Mexico, Sri Lanka, Venezuela Common Uses Boxes and crates, Building materials, Casks, Core Stock, Decorative plywood, Decorative veneer, Fiberboard, Figured veneer, Furniture , General carpentry, Interior construction, Interior trim, Millwork, Musical instruments: percussion, Packing cases, Particleboard, Plain veneer, Plywood, Rustic furniture, Structural plywood, Tables , Utility furniture, Utility plywood, Veneer Environmental Profile Status has not been officially assessed Distribution Overview The genus Sapium is very well represented throughout tropical America, from Mexico and the West Indies to Uruguay and Argentina. Heartwood Color Red Yellow to golden-yellow to orange Whitish, yellowish, or light brown White to cream Greenish to greyish Sapwood Color Yellow Not clearly differentiated from the heartwood Cream colored to light brown or reddish brown, or pale yellow to pale brown Grain Even Straight to slightly interlocked Texture Fine Even or uniform Medium Luster Medium Low Low Natural Durability Very durable Prone to blue stain Low resistance to attack by dry-wood termites and other insects Odor Has a taste No distinct odor or taste Toxicity Some toxic effects Inner bark contains poisonous latex Drying Defects Checking Distortion Slight warping and checking during air-season Ease of Drying Moderately Difficult to Difficult Thick Stock Requires Care Air dries rapidly, with little degrade Tree Size Tree height is 10-20 m Tree height is 0-10 m Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm Boles are often well-formed Boring Fairly difficult to very difficult May occasionally be fuzzy Easy Carving Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Good results Cutting Resistance Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw Saws without difficulty Mortising Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Surfaces may be fuzzy Generally mortises well Bores readily with ordinary tools, with very good results Moulding Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Material responds well to moulding operations Planing Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Surfaces are generally smooth, but may be occasionally fuzzy Easy to work in planning and almost all machine operations Resistance to Impregnation Heartwood and sapwood have more than adequate absorption and retention Response to Hand Tools Responds well to hand tools Routing & Recessing Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Good routing qualities Sanding Difficult to sand (expect < 50 out of 100 good to excellent results) Turning Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Yields fairly smooth surfaces Easy turning operations Polishing Very Good to Excellent Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Strength Properties Weight=High Surfaces may dent easily Soft Mars easilt Does not wear well Density=High Density (dry weight) = 23-30 lbs/cu. ft. Compression strength (parallel to grain) = medium Bending strength in the air-dry condition (about 12%moisture content)is high-comparable to Teak Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 9361 11167 psi Density 31 lbs/ft3 Hardness 686 lbs Maximum Crushing Strength 3136 5998 psi Stiffness 1851 1872 1000 psi Toughness 82 inch-lbs Specific Gravity 0.46 Weight 30 21 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 3 % Tangential Shrinkage 6 % Volumetric Shrinkage 9 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 658 785 kg/cm2 Density 496 kg/m3 Hardness 311 kg Maximum Crushing Strength 220 421 kg/cm2 Stiffness 130 131 1000 kg/cm2 Toughness 94 cm-kg Specific Gravity 0.46 Weight 480 336 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 3 % Tangential Shrinkage 6 % References Bourdillon, T.F.,1908,The Forest Trees of Travancore,Travancore Government Press Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison. Gamble, J.S.,1902,A Manual of Indian Timbers,Sampson Low, Marston & Co. London Record, S.J. and R.W. Hess. 1943. Timbers of the New World. Published on the Charles Lathrop Pack Foundation, Yale University Press, New Haven CT. Whitmore, T.C.,1973,Tree Flora of Malaya A Manual for Foresters Volume 2,Forest Department Ministry of Primary Industries Malaysia