Clicking any heading in the main data area (at right) will scroll the page back to this top position. Use the following links to jump to the associated section in the main data. Blunting Effect Boring Carving Common Names Common Uses Cutting Resistance Drying Defects Ease of Drying Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Schedules Mortising Moulding Movement in Service Nailing Natural Durability Numerical Data Painting Planing Polishing References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Resistance to Splitting Response to Hand Tools Sapwood Color Scientific Name Screwing Staining Steam Bending Strength Properties Texture Trade Name Tree Identification Tree Size Turning Veneering Qualities		Scientific Name Quercus cerris Trade Name Cork oak Family Name Fagaceae Common Names Cork oak, Turkey oak Regions of Distribution Eastern Europe, Oceania and S.E. Asia, Western Europe Common Uses Cabinetmaking, Furniture, Lock gates, Mine timbers, Vehicle parts, Veneer Heartwood Color Brown Yellow White Reddish brown Pale brown Dark brown Brown Sapwood Color Brown Red Grain Figure Growth rings (figure) Even Stripe (figure) Distinct (figure) Straight Clear growth rings (figure) Striped figure Straight Distinct figure Texture Coarse Coarse Natural Durability Durable Moderately durable Kiln Schedules Dry at a slow speed UK=B US=T2C2/T2C1 Fr=2 Drying Defects Severe surface checking Severe cupping Moderate surface checking Ease of Drying Slowly Moderately Difficult to Difficult Little degrade Difficult Tree Identification Bole/stem form is straight Tree Size Tree height is 20-30 m Tree height is 30-40 m Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm Blunting Effect High to severe Boring Fair to good results Fairly easy to very easy Carving Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Cutting Resistance Easy to saw Gluing Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Mortising Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Moulding Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Movement in Service Fair to Good Stability - Medium Movement Large Nailing Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Difficult to nail Planing Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Resistance to Impregnation Permeable sapwood Sapwood is permeable Heartwood is highly resistant Resistance to Splitting Poor Response to Hand Tools Moderate working qualities Easy to machine Difficult to machine Screwing Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Turning Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Veneering Qualities Suitable for peeling Suitable for slicing Drying degrade is often moderate to severe, with collapse, buckles, and splilts Diifficult to veneer Steam Bending Very Good to Excellent Results Very good Painting Satisfactory results Polishing Very Good to Excellent Results Satisfactory results Staining Very Good to Excellent Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Finish is generally satisfactory Strength Properties Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. Density (dry weight) = 53-60 lbs/cu. ft Work to Maximum Load = high Max. crushing strength = medium Max. crushing strength = high Bending strength (MOR) = medium Bending strength (MOR) = high Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact strength) = high Toughness (total work) = high Shrinkage, Tangential = large Shrinkage, Radial = large Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = high Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 11442 17761 psi Density 50 lbs/ft3 Impact Strength 54 inches Maximum Crushing Strength 5408 8171 psi Shearing Strength 2525 psi Stiffness 1358 1568 1000 psi Toughness 363 inch-lbs Work to Maximum Load 16 21 inch-lbs/in3 Weight 49 40 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 6 % Tangential Shrinkage 10 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 804 1248 kg/cm2 Density 801 kg/m3 Impact Strength 137 cm Maximum Crushing Strength 380 574 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 177 kg/cm2 Stiffness 95 110 1000 kg/cm2 Toughness 418 cm-kg Work to Maximum Load 1.12 1.47 cm-kg/cm3 Weight 785 641 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 6 % References Brown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 6 Europe,TRADA, Red Booklet Series Clifford, N.,1957,Timber Identification for the Builder and Architect,Leonard Hill (Books) LTD. London Farmer, R.H.,1972,Handbook of Hardwoods,HMSO Forest Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1967,The Steam Bending Properties of various timbers,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Leaflet,No.45 Forest Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1969,The Movement of Timbers,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough Technical Note,No.38 I.U.F.R.O.,1973,Veneer Species of the World,Assembled at F.P.L. Madison on behalf of I.U.F.R.O. Working Party on,Slicing and Veneer Cutting Lavers, G.M.,1983,The Strength Properties of Timber (3rd ed. revised Moore G.L.,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Building Research,Establishment Report (formerly Bulletin No.50) Redding, L.W.,1971,Resistance of Timbers to Impregnation with Creosote,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Building Research,Establishment Bulletin No.54 pp.43 Smith, D.N.,1959,The Natural Durability of Timber,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Building Research,Establishment Record,No.30 T.R.A.D.A.,1942,Home-grown timber trees - their characteristics, cultivation and Uses,TRADA