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Blunting Effect Boring Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Distribution Overview Drying Defects Ease of Drying Environmental Profile Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Schedules Light-Induced Color Change Luster Mortising Moulding Movement in Service Nailing Natural Durability Numerical Data Odor Planing Polishing References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Sapwood Color Scientific Name Screwing Silica Content Staining Steam Bending Strength Properties Texture Trade Name Tree Identification Tree Size		Scientific Name Aningeria altissima Trade Name Anegre Family Name Sapotaceae Common Names Anegre, Aniegre, Aningeria, Aningeria blanc, Aningre, Asamfona, Kali, Kararo, Landojan, Landosan, M'boul, Mukalati, Mukali, Mukangu, Muna, Mutoke, N'kali, Nkalate, Nkalati, Osan, Tanganyika nuss, Tutu Regions of Distribution Africa Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Angola, Benin, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Liberia, Nigeria, Sudan, Togo, Uganda, Zaire Common Uses Bedroom suites, Boat building, Boxes and crates, Building construction, Building materials, Cabin construction, Cabinetmaking, Canoes, Chairs, Chests, Concealed parts (Furniture), Construction, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Domestic flooring, Dowell pins, Dowells, Drawer sides, Drum sticks, Excelsior, Factory construction, Factory flooring, Fine furniture, Floor lamps, Flooring, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Furniture, Hatracks, Heavy construction, Joinery, Kitchen cabinets, Lifeboats, Light construction, Living-room suites, Matches, Millwork, Mine timbers, Musical instruments , Office furniture, Organ pipes, Parquet flooring, Piano keys, Pianos , Plywood, Posts, Pulp/Paper products, Railroad ties, Shipbuilding, Turnery, Vehicle parts, Veneer: decorative Environmental Profile Vulnerable Rare Vulnerable in parts of its natural habitat Status unknown in many of its growth areas Rare in parts of its natural range (population is at risk) Data source is World Conservation Monitoring Center Rare in Ghana. Vulnerable in Ivory Coast. Status unknown in Congo, Ethiopia, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Sierra Leone, and Sudan Distribution Overview The genus is widespread in tropical Africa, particularly common in parts of East Africa from Guinea to Ethiopia, as well as Zambia and Gabon. Heartwood Color Red Brown Pink White Yellow Green/grey Orange Pale red to pink Pale brown White to cream Yellow to golden-yellow to orange Reddish brown Mostly indistinct in color from sapwood Greenish to greyish Darkens slightly upon exposure Sapwood Color White Brown Pink Red Yellow White to yellow Pale pink to reddish-brown Not clearly differentiated from heartwood Grain Even Closed Figure Wavy Fiddleback (figure) Mottled (figure) Occasionally wavy Mottled figure Fiddleback figure Bee's Wing Texture Medium Fine Coarse Medium to coarse Fine Medium Fine to medium Luster Medium High Low Lustrous Natural Durability Susceptible to insect attack Perishable Non-resistant to termites Non-durable Non-resistant to powder post beetles Moderately durable Non-resistant to marine borers Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera) Sapwood is susceptible to wood staining fungal attack Perishable Pinworms (ambrosia beetles) may be present in the felled log Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Pinworms (ambrosia beetles) often present in the standing tree Moderately durable Very little natural resistance Susceptible to marine borer attack Susceptible to attack by fungi and termites Pinworms (ambrosia beetles) are commonly present Non durable Odor Has a taste Odor similar to cedar No specific taste Silica Content Siliceous Sometimes siliceous Light-Induced Color Change Darker Kiln Schedules UK=E US=T6D2/T3D1 Fr=5 T6-D4(4/4);T3-D1(8/4) US Schedule E; United Kingdom Drying Defects Discoloration Seasons without checking or twisting Prone to blue stain during initial stages of drying No surface checking Ease of Drying Fairly Easy Rapidly Reconditioning Treatement Easy Rapid extraction, conversion and drying is recommended Dries rapidly and well, with little degrade or defect Tree Identification Bole/stem form is buttressed Bole/stem form is straight Bole/stem form is cylindrical Tree Size Bole length is 20-30 m Tree height is 50-60 m Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm Tree height is 30-40 m Trunk diameter is 200-250 cm Comments General finishing qualities are rated as good Blunting Effect Little High to severe Blunting effect on machining is slight Blunting edges rapidly and severely due to silica content in material Boring Fair to good results Fairly difficult to very difficult Fairly easy to very easy Moderately easy Adequate support is necessary when boring to prevent chipping Cutting Resistance Easy to saw Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw Cutting Resistance with dry wood is easy Responds readily to carving operations Cutting resistance with dry wood is variable Gluing Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Good gluing properties Easy to glue Mortising Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Support material during mortising to prevent break out. Moulding Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Good finishing results Movement in Service Fair to Good Stability - Medium Movement Excellent Stability - Small Movement Retains shape well after seasoning Dimensionally stable Nailing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Good nail holding properties Easy to nail Planing Poor to Very Poor Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Planes to a poor finish Rather difficult to plane a smooth finish Resistance to Impregnation Permeable heartwood Permeable sapwood Heartwood is permeable Moderately permeable to preservative treatment Response to Hand Tools Easy to Work Responds Readily Easy to machine Responds well to hand tools but has moderate blunting on cutting edges Screwing Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Good screwing properties Steam Bending Fair to Good Results Moderate steam bending characteristics Polishing Fair to Good Results Good finishing characteristics Fairly good polishing characteristics Staining Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Good staining qualities Strength Properties Max. crushing strength = medium Hardness (side grain) = soft Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. Bending strength (MOR) = medium Shrinkage, Tangential = very small Shrinkage, Radial = very small Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low Bending strength (MOR) = low Bending strength (MOR) = high Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = very low Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = low Shrinkage, Tangential = small Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Shrinkage, Radial = small Shrinkage, Radial = large Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Medium weight High in density Hardness = medium Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. Compression strength (parallel to grain) = medium It compares favorably with Teak, which also has high bending strength.It resists denting and marring about as well as white oak or birch Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 8559 13043 psi Density 35 lbs/ft3 Hardness 1005 lbs Impact Strength 22 inches Maximum Crushing Strength 4123 6507 psi Shearing Strength 1560 psi Stiffness 1156 1420 1000 psi Specific Gravity 0.37 0.42 Weight 40 34 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 3 % Tangential Shrinkage 6 % Volumetric Shrinkage 12 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 601 917 kg/cm2 Density 560 kg/m3 Hardness 455 kg Impact Strength 55 cm Maximum Crushing Strength 289 457 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 109 kg/cm2 Stiffness 81 99 1000 kg/cm2 Specific Gravity 0.37 0.42 Weight 641 544 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 3 % Tangential Shrinkage 6 % References Bolza, E., Keating, W.G.,1972,African Timbers - the Properties, Uses and Characteristics of 700 Species,C.S.I.R.O. Div. of Building Research Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison. Eggeling, W.J.,1940,Indigenous Trees of Uganda,Govt. Printer Entebbe Uganda Erfurth, T., Rusche, H.,1976,The Marketing of Tropical Wood A. Wood Species from African Moist Forests,F.A.O. Forestry Department France - C.T.F.T./C.T.B.,1982,Guide pour le Choix des Essences Deroulables-pour la fabrication du,contreplaque,C.T.F.T./C.T.B. France France - C.T.F.T.,1973,Investigations and Tests carried out on Tropical Timber by several,Research Laboratories,CTFT HMSO. 1981. Handbook of Hardwoods, 2nd Edition. Revised by R. H. Farmer. Department of the Environment, Building Research Establishment, Princes Risborough Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire. I.U.F.R.O.,1973,Veneer Species of the World,Assembled at F.P.L. Madison on behalf of I.U.F.R.O. Working Party on,Slicing and Veneer Cutting ITTO. 1986. Tropical Timber Atlas, Volume 1 - Africa. International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO) and Centre Technique Forestier Tropical (CTFT, 45bis, Avenue de la Belle Gabrielle, Nogent-sur-Marne Cedex, France. Kaiser, J. 1990. Anegre. Wood of the Month Annual. Supplement to Wood and Wood Products, September, 1990, Page 18A. Keay, R.W.J. 1989. Trees of Nigeria. Revised Version of Nigerian Trees. Clarendon Press, Oxford. Lincoln, W. A. 1986. World Woods in Color. Linden Publishing Co. Inc., Fresno, California. Patterson, D.N.,1963,The strength of Kenya timbers, their derivation and application,Kenya Forestry Department Research Bulletin,No.23 Tack, C.H.,1969,Uganda Timbers,Govt. Printer Uganda Takahashi, A.,1978,Compilation of Data on the Mechanical Properties